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  • Springer  (10)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1975-1979  (10)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70 ; 81
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract By means of an integrated source-specimen technique the temperature dependence of positron lifetimes and annihilation lineshapes has been measured, on the same specimens of gold and cadmium from 4.2K to the melting points, and also in electronirradiated and quenched gold. The anomalous temperature dependence of positron annihilation at intermediate temperatures (200 to 350 K in Cd, 270 to 750 K in Au) discovered by Lichtenberger, Schulte, and MacKenzie is confirmed. The data are incompatible with the idea that the intermediate temperature dependence is due to thermal expansion. They are well explained by an extension of the trapping model which includes the formation of metastable self-trapped positrons. From lineshape measurements after electron irradiation at 180 K and after quenching it is deduced that the trapping rate of positrons at vacancy-type defects in Au is temperature independent below room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 12 (1975), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Resolving the LET spectrum of environmental radiation in space for assessing dose equivalents creates special problems due to superposition effects. Three components of the radiation field in space, trapped protons, tissue disintegration stars, and neutrons, contribute the bulk of the total dose equivalent. While lack of discrimination of neutron recoil and trapped primary protons does not interfere with correct determination of the combined dose equivalent as such, the simultaneous bursts of several low-energy protons and alpha particles from tissue disintegration stars completely defy LET-resolution with conventional instrumentation. So far, the tissue star dose has been determined only semiquantitatively from nuclear emulsion data. The neutron spectrum in space shows a markedly higher relative fluence in the region beyond 5 MeV than the fission neutron spectrum. Therefore, its LET spectrum centers less heavily on LET values near the proton Bragg Peak. This would call for assigning a QF value of less than 10 to the neutron dose in space. Still more serious shortcomings exist with regard to LET interpretation of heavy primaries.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 13 (1976), S. 215-227 
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Summary Energy dissipation in tracks of high energy heavy ions in tissue shows a lateral spread of several to many microns depending on the energy of the primary particle. Complete dosimetric characterization, therefore, requires in addition to the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) information on the radial energy distribution. The theory of track structure distinguishes two regions: core and penumbra. The core is a narrow central zone with a radius in tissue far below 1 micron where energy deposition occurs mainly in processes of excitation and electron plasma oscillation. According to the Equipartition Principle, half of the total energy dissipation accrues in this manner. The penumbra is a peripheral zone enveloping the core where energy deposition occurs mainly in ionization events by energetic secondary electrons released by the primary particle in the center of the core traveling at rather high speed thus spreading laterally. The extension of the penumbra depends in a complex manner on the maximum transferable energy to electrons which in turn depends on the speed of the primary particle. Local energy density in the penumbra decreases with the square of increasing radius. It therefore amounts only to a very small fraction of the core density already a few microns away from the center. In general terms, track structure can be described as exhibiting a core of enormous energy density with lateral dimensions remaining entirely on the submicroscopic level surrounded by a penumbra where energy density drops precipitously to very small levels. The relationships are illustrated with micrographs of different sections of a heavy particle track in nuclear emulsion and their counterpart graphical plots.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 64 (1975), S. 195-199 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A quantitative method is described for the determination of microquantities of bismuth and titanium. Both metals are determined complexometrically with EDTA and potentiometric equivalence point indication using a Cu-ion sensitive electrode in a consequent titration. The analysis is conducted as back-titration with standard Cu-solution. The relative error of the determination is 0.8% for bismuth (50–100μg) and for titanium (10–30μg) at 1.0%. Under the chosen conditions, it is possible to determine as little as 15μg bismuth and 5μg titanium by means of this procedure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Bestimmungsmethode für Mikromengen Wismut und Titan wurde beschrieben. Beide Metalle werden komplexometrisch mit ÄDTA und potentiometrischer Äquivalenzpunktsindikation unter Verwendung einer Cu-ionensensitiven Elektrode in einer Folgetitration bestimmt. Die Analyse wird als Rücktitration mit Cu-Standardlösung durchgeführt. Der relative Fehler der Bestimmung liegt für Wismut (50–100μg) bei 0,8% und für Titan (10–30μg) bei 1,0%. Unter den gewählten Bedingungen lassen sich mit dem Verfahren noch 15μg Wismut und 5μg Titan bestimmen.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 70 (1978), S. 321-325 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A quantitative assay method was described for microamounts of iron and nickel such as occur in alloys, oxide mixtures and galvanic baths. The metals were determined complexometrically with EDTA and standard copper solution using an electrode sensitive to copper ions and potentiometric indication of the equivalence point. Iron and copper were titrated directly with EDTA, and nickel then determined in the same solution by back-titration of the excess EDTA with standard copper solution. The relative standard deviations of the assays are ±(0.6–1.2)% for iron, at ±(0.4–0.8)% for copper, and at ±(0.6–12.2)% for nickel for the range from 800–25μg metal respectively. Under the conditions chosen, 25μg of iron, copper or nickel can be determined using the procedure.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine quantitative Bestimmungsmethode für Mikromengen Eisen und Nickel sowie Kupfer und Nickel, wie sie in Legierungen, Oxidgemischen und galvanischen Bädern vorkommen, wurde beschrieben. Die Metalle werden komplexometrisch mit ÄDTA und Kupferstandardlösung unter Verwendung einer kupferionensensitiven Elektrode und potentiometrischer Äquivalenzpunktindikation bestimmt. Eisen bzw. Kupfer werden direkt mit ÄDTA titriert, das Nickel dann in der gleichen Lösung durch Rücktitration des überschüssigen ÄDTA mit Kupferstandardlösung bestimmt. Die relativen Standardabweichungen der Bestimmungen liegen für Eisen bei ±(0,6 bis 1,2)%, für Kupfer bei ±(0,4 bis 0,8)% und für Nickel bei ±(0,6 bis 1,2)% jeweils für den Bereich von 800μg bis 25μg Metall. Unter den gewählten Bedingungen lassen sich mit dem Verfahren noch 25μg Eisen, Kupfer bzw. Nickel bestimmen.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 64 (1975), S. 151-160 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The quantitative iodometric determination of micro-quantities of selenite, of selenite-copper(II)- and of copper(II)-chromate mixtures have been described. The indication of the equivalence point is accomplished amperometrically by employing a double platinum pin electrode. The copper was titrated at pH 3.8 ±0.2, the selenium and the chromium at pH 1.5 ±0.1. Relative errors of 1.5–1.2% were encountered in the range from 12–80μg copper, in the range from 4–30μg selenium the relative error was 1.9–0,2%, while in the range from 4–30μg chromium, the relative error was from 1.2–0.38%. The lower determination limit lies at 1μg in the case of selenium, at 2μg for copper and chromium, in a titration volume of 15 ml.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die quantitative jodometrische Bestimmung von Mikromengen Selenit, von Selenit-Kupfer(II)- und von Kupfer(II)-Chromat-Mischungen wurde beschrieben. Die Indikation der Äquivalenzpunkte erfolgt amperometrisch unter Verwendung einer Doppel-Platinstift-elektrode. Das Kupfer wird bei pH 3,8 ± 0,2, das Selen und das Chrom bei pH 1,5 ± 0,1 titriert. Im Bereich von 12–60μg Kupfer wurden relative Fehler von 1,5–1,2%, im Bereich von 4–30μg Selen relative Fehler von 1,9–0,2% und im Bereich von 4–30μg Chrom relative Fehler von 1,2–0,3% ermittelt. Die untere Bestimmungsgrenze liegt für Selen bei 1μg, für Kupfer und Chrom bei 2μg in einem Titrationsvolumen von 15 ml.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 293 (1979), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract 77Br has been investigated by the reaction64Ni(16O,p2nγ) at 60 MeV. The following mean lives (in parentheses) have been determined by the recoil distance Doppler shift method (energies in keV): 161.9 (718±50 ps), 575.2 (14.2±2.1 ps), 639.0 (14.1±0.8 ps), 782.0 (4.3±0.9 ps), 790.1 (6.2±0.8 ps), 1,273.2 (4.0±1.0 ps), 1,303.0 (4.0±1 ps), 1,480.8 (0.6 ±0.2 ps). The resultingB(E2) values are compared with rotor plus particle calculations. Nuclear reaction64Ni(16O,p2nγ)E 0=60 MeV; measuredE γ, recoil distance Doppler shift; deducedT 1/2. Enriched target, Ge(Li).
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0340-3793
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-1042
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1904
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer
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