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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. Temperature and current discharge regulated phytoplanktonic concentration, chlorophyll-a concentration, the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Pmax), and photosynthetic capacity (Pcap) in the Mississippi River at Prairie Island, Minnesota. The chlorophyll-a maximum was 48 mg m−3 in 1975, a wet year with a high current discharge, and 190 mg m−3 in 1976, a relatively dry year. The highest values of Pmax were 0.37 (mgO2 I−1h−1) in 1975 and 1.60 in 1976. Pcap varied from 3 to 21 (gO2 per g chlorophyll-a h−1) both years, and its value was highly correlated with temperature. The temperature optimum shifted from 16°C for Pcap in the spring, to greater than 28°C in the summer. Multiple regression analysis indicated a second-order relationship of Pcap in the spring to temperature. Other independent variables explained only negligible variation of Pcap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method for producing a dehydrated, salted fish-soy product was developed. The best results were obtained when mechanically deboned flounder meat from headed and gutted fish frames (“racks”) was thoroughly mixed with salt (30% of the meat weight), soybean curd (20% of the meat weight) and the mixture was subjected to a pressure of 75 psi to remove juices and form cohesive cakes. The cakes were dried at 50°C for 8 hr to give a final product of 49.8% crude protein, 14.4% moisture, 21.1% salt and 5.3% crude fat. The salt was effectively removed from the product in preparation for consumption by bringing the fish-soy cake to a boil in three changes of water. Such a product can be made economically with the use of simple equipment and therefore could serve as an inexpensive protein for the developing countries. Further development work and appropriate acceptance trials with a given target population seem desirable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using a mechanical deboner (Beehive), over 60% edible flesh was obtained from the “racks” (headed and gutted fish frames obtained as filleting waste). However, this meat developed an unattractive color during frozen storage and undesirable organoleptic changes occurred. The effectiveness of a combination of antioxidants, chelating agents and polyphosphates in retarding the development of rancidity, color deterioration and decrease of protein extractability in mechanically deboned flounder meat (MDFM) during frozen storage was studied. The most effective treatment to minimize undesirable change was a 1 min dip of the racks, prior to deboning, in a pH 4.5 solution of 0.5% each of ascorbic and citric acids and 0.2% each of Na2EDTA and Kena (Calgon), followed by a postdeboning addition of 0.3% each of ascorbic and citric acids and 0.2% each of Kena and Na2 EDTA.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Polygalacturonic acid (PGA), dissolved by neutralization with KOH, rapidly clarified lime, lemon, grapefruit, orange, and apple juices, orange and grapefruit pulp wash liquors, and lemon peel juice. In 1 hr turbidity was reduced to 5% or less of its original value in orange, grapefruit, and lemon juices, 12% in lime juice, 8% in grapefruit pulp wash liquor, and 11% in lemon peel juices. Turbidities of apple juice and orange pulp wash liquor were reduced to 30 and 38%. Optimum PGA concentration ranged from 75-500 ppm. Clarification was pH dependent, with different commercial preparations differing in pH optima. Optimal pH for clarification varied directly with PGA molecular weight.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Egg white was subjected to proteolysis by ficin, bromelin, papain, trypsin and protease; changes in functional properties were monitored. Many of the changes observed were due to the addition of enzyme rather than actual proteolysis (e.g., foam volume increase, foam stability decrease, and angel cake volume increase). The angel cake volume showed a further increase with proteolysis; however, off-flavors were also noted. In experiments with ficin and bromelin, proteolysis by both enzymes decreased the coagulum strength while only ficin decreased the amount of noncoagulable protein.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To determine the effect of refreezing on broiler carcasses, three separate lots of commercially processed chickens were packaged in polyethylene bags and frozen at -18° or -30°C. At 2–4 day intervals they were thawed at room temperature for 7–8 hr (to 4°C internal). Random carcasses were removed for testing and the remainder refrozen, up to five times. Tests included taste paneling and visual observations for sliminess and bone discoloration, total moisture, TBA values, shear values and total viable counts. Total drip and total losses were also calculated. Results showed that taste panel scores for tenderness, juiciness, flavor and overall acceptability of roasted breast meat were not affected by five refreezings. Visual observations showed no appreciable increase in sliminess or bone discoloration due to repeated refreezings. Total drip increased but total loss (which included cooking losses) changed little after the first refreezing. Total moisture in the cooked product and shear values for dark meat showed no change, while shear values for light meat decreased. TBA values did not increase over those for the control until after four refreezings. It appears, from the results of this study, that poultry can be safely refrozen several times, providing the meat is handled properly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 44 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The shelf life of both refrigerated ground and mechanically deboned poultry meat was extended by 2 days using the resting cells of the starter cultures Pediococcus cerevisiae (Accel) and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactacel DS). The microbial population of the treated sample was 10% of that of the control at the onset of “off-odor” in the control. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) did not decrease the pH of the meat. Fluorescent psychrotrophic colonies were not detected in the treated samples, but were present in the control. P. cerevisiae in Buffered Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BBHI) inhibited Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putrefaciens more than Pseudomonas fragi. L. plantarum in BBHI inhibited the growth of P. fluorescens and P. fragi and caused P putrefaciens to lose its ability to form colonies on Tryptic Soy Agar. The meat starter cultures in BBHI totally inhibited the growth of Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus at 15°C. Using the “spot on the lawn” technique both LAB produced an antagonistic agent only against S. aureus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 3 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant-inbred strains of mice, as well as the progenitor strains from which they were derived, were evaluated with respect to the capacity of B cells to respond to an optimally immunogenic dose of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) and the amount of suppressor and amplifier T cell activity present. None of these functional activities was found to be linked to genes within the major histocompatibility (H-2) or the IgCH allotype complex, and several autosomal genes appeared to govern the expression of each of these characteristics.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 14 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: Abstract: A model that incorportaes performace data about data about several wastewater management systems is discussed. From these data the excepted behavior of an individual wastewater system or group of systems can be product of the performace probabilities of its individual components. The modeel can be used on a regional scale facilitating land use planning by allowing accurate estimates of performance for a prospective wastewater management system. At this scale it can allow the impact evaluation of new wastewater technology on land use in a region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 11 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : This paper details the increasing tendency to overdevelop lands adjacent to public reservoirs. The impact on water quality of the pollutant load carried in surface runoff from developed lands is described as well as the depreciation in recreational experience due to loss of scenic horizons. The case study, Spruce Run Reservoir in Clinton, New Jersey, included population and demand projections. Land speculation and proposed development are evaluated on a physical constraint basis. Areas of conflict are outlined and conflict resolutions proposed.
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