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  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1970-1974  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence Versus Nonconvergence in Mediterranean-Climate Ecosystems (1978)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 9 (1978), S. 265-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.001405
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Carbon Balance of Plants (1972)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 3 (1972), S. 315-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.03.110172.001531
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The carbon gain benefits of solar tracking in a desert annual (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 1 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. A comparison between two sympatric winter desert annuals, Camissonia claviformis and Malvastrum rotundi folium showed that both gained similar amounts of carbon during a spring day, although by very different means. Camissonia has horizontally fixed leaves which have a very high photosynthetic capacity. The temperature optimum of photosynthesis for this species is near 20°C. Malvastrum has leaves with a lower photosynthetic capacity and a photosynthetic temperature optimum near 30°C. Leaves of the latter species remain normal to the sun throughout the course of the day. The tracking response and high temperature optimum for photosynthesis of Malvastrum result in a high daily carbon gain and also a high water-use efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1978.tb02045.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal carbon allocation in Heteromeles arbutifolia, a California evergreen shrub (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 14 (1974), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The seasonal patterning of carbon gain and allocation was studied in the California evergreen sclerophyll shrub, Heteromeles arbutifolia. Specifically an analysis was made of the seasonal structural allocations to stems, leaves, roots and reproductive parts as well as to functional categories of cell structure, metabolism, storage, and secondary compounds (predator protection). The differential partitioning during the various seasons is viewed in terms of the overall carbon economy of the shrub. It is suggested that not all functions can be met simultaneously, even though there is year round carbon gain, because of the heavy allocation demands to meet a particular environmental stress during a given season. For example, during the spring there is a priority allocation to the development of the canopy, apparently for competitive purposes, with little going to reproduction, storage and secondary compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drought adaptations in two Californian evergreen sclerophylls (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 15 (1974), S. 205-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A field study was initiated to determine the patterns of water stress imposition and stomatal resistance to gas exchange in representative species of 2 evergreen sclerophyllous communities. In concurrent experiments plant water potential, temperature and vapor pressure gradient were varied to determine the relative importance of morphological and physiological parameters in delaying onset of water stress during drought periods. In general, stomatal and photosynthetic responses to water stress were similiar in both species. Both were able to fix carbon even when leaf water potentials dropped as low as-25 bars. Stomatal movements were positively correlated with soil water potential rather than to leaf water potential. However, water stress developed much more rapidly in Arbutus menziesii, a plant of more northerly distribution, than in Heteromeles arbutifolia where they occur on adjacent sites. Morphological parameters were primarily responsible for the very different patterns of water stress imposition. Consequently, Arbutus is limited to areas of shorter drought duration than is Heteromeles and this is reflected in their differing distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345178
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photosynthetic capacity and carbon allocation patterns in diverse growth forms of Eucalyptus (1978)
    Springer
    Oecologia 36 (1978), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eucalytptus species originating in Australian habitats differing in moisture regimes were examined under uniform growth conditions for their photosynthetic characteristics and allocation patterns. Species from the driest environments, the ‘mallee’ types, had the smallest leaf sizes and the highest leaf specific weights; and forest species, from moist coastal sites, had the largest and thinnest leaves. Photosynthetic rates on a dry weight basis were highly correlated with leaf nitrogen content in all species. Leaf nitrogen content on a dry weight basis varied little between species in nature; however, there were increasing amounts of nitrogen per unit leaf area as the habitat became drier because of the changes in specific leaf weight. This resulted in a greater light-saturated photosynthetic rate per leaf area of arid habitat species, which were presumably more efficient in water use as a consequence. A simple simulation model showed that changes in the allocation ratio to leaf weight reduces total leaf area in the expected direction without affecting total dry matter accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344575
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal changes in net photosynthesis of Atriplex hymenelytra shrubs growing in Death Valley, California (1974)
    Springer
    Oecologia 17 (1974), S. 111-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Field measurements of CO2 and water vapor exchange were made on Atriplex hymenelytra (Torr.) Wats. shrubs growing in Death Valley, California during March 1971 and July 1972. Rates of CO2 uptake and leaf conductances were substantially higher in March as compared to July. In spite of the large differences in ambient temperatures in March and July, no adaptive acclimation response was apparent in the temperature dependence of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis transpiration ratios at typical midday leaf temperatures were much higher in March than in July. High water use efficiency results from a combination of the C4 photosynthetic pathway, relatively low leaf conductances, and maximum growth and photosynthetic activity during the cooler months of the year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346274
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf hairs: Effects on physiological activity and adaptive value to a desert shrub (1978)
    Springer
    Oecologia 37 (1978), S. 183-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of leaf hairs on photosynthesis, transpiration, and leaf energy balance were measured on the desert shrub Encelia farinosa in order to determine the adaptive significance of the hairs. The pubescence reduces leaf absorptance resulting in a reduced heat load, and as a consequence lower leaf temperatures and lower transpiration rates. In its native habitat where air temperatures often exceed 40° C, the optimum temperature for photosynthesis in E. farinosa occurs at 25° C, and at leaf temperatures above 35° C net photosynthesis declines precipitously. An advantage of leaf pubescence is that it allows a leaf temperature much lower than air temperature. As a result, leaf temperatures are near the temperature optimum for photosynthesis and high, potentially lethal leaf temperatures are avoided. However, there is a disadvantage associated with leaf pubescence. By reflecting quanta that might otherwise be used in photosynthesis, the presence of leaf hairs reduces the rate of photosynthesis. A tradeoff model was used to assess the overall advantage of possessing leaf hairs. In terms of the carbon gaining capacity of the leaf, the model predicted that for different environmental conditions different levels of leaf pubescence were optimal. In other words, under aird conditions and/or high air temperatures, leaves of E. farinosa would have a higher rate of photosynthesis by being pubescent than by not being pubescent. The predictions from this model agreed closely with observed patterns of leaf pubescence in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00344990
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental limitations of photosynthesis on a California evergreen shrub (1975)
    Springer
    Oecologia 19 (1975), S. 293-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The photosynthetic response of Heteromeles arbutifolia, a California evergreen shrub, was measured in natural habitats representing both the climatic center of distribution and the southern warm arid extreme of this species. At all sites the seasonal carbon gain was limited primarily by available water, secondarily by photoperiod, and only slightly by temperature. Thus, the warmer winter temperatures at the southern habitat would not result in a carbon gain sufficient to offset losses due to the longer drought there. It is thus postulated that the competitive advantage of evergreens over drought deciduous types is often limited at these arid habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The energy balance of leaves of the evergreen desert shrub Atriplex hymenelytra (1977)
    Springer
    Oecologia 29 (1977), S. 301-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Atriplex hymenelytra is an evergreen shrub distributed in the hot deserts of parts of Mexico and the southwestern United States. The leaves of the species have a number of characteristics that are adaptive in a hot, dry environment, some of which change seasonally. Steeply angled leaves reduce midday solar interception, yet result in relatively high interception when solar angles are low and vapor pressure deficits are at a minimum. The leaves substantially reduce their absorptance of incident radiation during the hot periods of the year by changing their moisture and hence dissolved salt contents. At these times the light intensity required for saturation of photosynthesis is low and a reduction in the radiation absorbed by the leaves therefore results in a greater water-use efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345804
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