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  • Springer  (112)
  • 1985-1989  (65)
  • 1975-1979  (33)
  • 1935-1939  (14)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: azathioprine ; 6-thiouric acid ; 6-mercaptopurine ; renal transplantation ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunosuppressive activity of azathioprine (AZA) is unpredictable and depends on the formation of intracellular thiopurine ribonucleotides. However, the quantification of these active thiopurines presents difficult analytical problems. It has recently been postulated that plasma concentrations of 6-thiouric acid (6-TU) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), metabolites of AZA, may provide more readily measurable indices of the pharmacologic activity of AZA. In order to evaluate the utility of 6-TU and 6-MP plasma concentrations in monitoring AZA therapy, we studied their pharmacokinetics in 6 renal transplant patients, and their in vitro immunosuppressive potency in a mixed lymphocyte proliferation assay. A peak plasma 6-TU concentration of 710.7 ng/ml was observed at 3.8 h after oral dosing. Good correlation was observed between the elimination t1/2 of 6-TU and serum creatinine, and between AUC over 24 h and serum creatinine. However, we did not observe a second peak in plasma 6-TU concentration that could be attributed to the degradation of active AZA metabolites. 6-MP plasma concentrations in the patients were low (mean peak concentration 36.0 ng/ml) and rapidly disappeared within 8 h. In vitro immunosuppressive activity could not be demonstrated for 6-TU over a concentration range of 1.25 ng/ml to 0.25 mg/ml. We conclude that 6-TU is pharmacologically inert and is primarily eliminated by the kidneys. Our findings currently do not support the use of plasma concentrations of 6-TU or 6-MP to monitor AZA therapy. In order to optimize AZA therapy, analytical techniques that are technically feasible and that can directly quantify the active intracellular thiopurines are being explored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The system Na4(VO3)4-NaCl-H20 is taken as an example for ultracentrifugal measurements at sedimentation equilibrium to determine the molar mass and the valency of a polymer electrolyte in a ternary system when interactions exist between the polymer and the supporting electrolyte. The experimental apparent molar mass is obtained by extrapolation to zero value of concentration of both the polymeric and supporting electrolyte. It is possible to correlate the quantity (alnyPX z /amBX)mPXz at the point m PX z = 0 mole kg-1 with the apparent valency zapp of the polymeric anion.z app is related to the stoichiometric valency by the equationz app = z =a.Z. Thus the dissociation constant can be calculated for complete dissociation of the polymer electrolyte. The dependence of zapp and (aln y PX z /a m BX ) m PX z = 0 on concentration of the supporting electrolyte called for in the correlation is verified experimentally.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel des Systems Na4(VO3)4-NaCl-H2O wird untersucht, in welcher Weise Ultrazentrifugenmessungen im Sedimentationsgleichgewicht durchgeführt werden müssen, um die molare Masse und die Ladungszahl von Polymerelektrolyten in ternären Systemen unter der Bedingung von nicht vernachlässigbaren Wechselwirkungen zwischen Polymerund Fremdelektrolyt zu bestimmen. Es erweist sich, daß die experimentellen scheinbaren molaren Massen nicht nur auf die Polymerkonzentration Null extrapoliert werden müssen, sondern auch auf die Fremdelektrolytkonzentration Null. Es gelingt, die Ableitung (alnyPXz/amBx)mPXz an der StellemPXz = 0 mol kg-1 mit einer scheinbaren mittleren Ladungszahlz app des Polymeranions zu korrelieren. Zwischen dieser und der stöchiometrischen Ladungszahlz des Polymeranions besteht die Beziehungz app = Z =az, so daß die Dissoziationskonstante des Polymerelektrolyten für die summarische Dissoziation berechnet werden kann. Die aus dieser Korrelation folgenden Abhängigkeiten der scheinbaren mittleren Ladungszahlen und der Ableitung (alnypx z /amBX)Mpx z = 0 von der Konzentration des Fremdelektrolyten werden experimentell bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 916-918 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report a procedure for combining sister chromatid differential staining and G banding in the same metaphase plate. Mammalian cells in culture are grown in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine for two cell cycles, and conventional air-dried preparations are made. The slides are treated with a trypsin or a urea solution the same way as for regular G banding. This method is simple and fast and provides additional information for cytogeneticists.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1066-1068 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vinblastine did not affect the basal secretion of enzymes from the rat pancreas, but it potentiates the secretory response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This potentiation is confirmed by the observation of numerous pictures of exocytosis at the apical part of the acinar cell. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP by itself, or associated with vinblastine, failed to modify the spontaneous release of enzymes or the secretion induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 47 (1986), S. 408-409 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The G-banded karyotypes of 4 species of birds representing the orders Galliformes, Columbiformes and Musophagiformes were compared. Banding pattern homology between orders was limited to 5 major chromosome arms and the Z chromosome. Even in these major chromosome arms pericentric and paracentric inversions produced alteration of the banding pattern sequences. Addition of constitutive heterochromatin was responsible for changes in banding pattern in the Z chromosome. The chromosome banding patterns of an emydid turtle, Terrepene Carolina, 5 species of boid snakes of the genera Liasis, Acrantophis, and Sanzinia and the African clawed-frog, Xenopus muelleri, were also compared to the bird chromosome banding patterns. No homology was observed between any of these major groups: bird, snake, turtle, amphibian. However, intergrouphomology was apparent. — The data obtained do not support reports of broad interordinal direct homology of the macrochromosomes of birds and refutes the idea of a primitive bird karyotype with 3 pairs of “A group” chromosomes and 3 pairs of “B group” chromosomes. — The major mechanisms responsible for chromosome evolution in birds appear to be centric and tandem fusions, paracentric and pericentric inversions, and addition or deletion of heterochromatin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Plant mitochondrial DNA ; Restriction enzyme analysis ; rRNA genes ; Tomato cell suspension cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Lycopersicon esculentum was purified from cell suspension cultures. The DNA, isolated from mitochondria purified by two successive sucrose density gradients, was uncontaminated with nuclear DNA or DNA from proplastids. The total molecular weights of BamHI, BglI, and BglII fragments indicate a mitochondrial genome size of at least 270 kb. Cross hybridization between tomato mtDNA and cloned spinach plastid genes revealed some homology. In hybridization experiments using cloned mitochondrial rRNA genes and BamHI digested total mtDNA the presence of recombination repeats is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 23 (1935), S. 453-456 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 25 (1937), S. 417-420 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Allocation patterns ; Restionaceae ; Nitrogen ; Dry mass ; Fynbos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The annual growth pattern of male plants of the endemic, dioecious fynbos species, Thamnochortus punctatus, revealed sequential growth of the various below-and above-ground organs. Root and rhizome development were favoured in the wet winter months while culm elongation occurred in the warmer but drier spring to summer period. The reproductive phase of development followed in the hot dry summer and autumn. The asynchronous pattern of growth is suggested to enable the plant to maximize utilization of scarce resources within the confines of the environmental controls determined by the mediterranean-climate. Maximum root and rhizome activity in the rainy season enabled the plant to absorb and store nitrogen in mature culms for later above ground organ development. As the absorption of nitrogen from senscing material is essential for this pattern of organ development to assist in alleviating nutrient scarcity the high degree of nitrogen reabsorption, 35 to 70% for branches and culms respectively, shows the potential importance of asynchronous organ growth in overcoming nitrogen limitation of plant growth. Comparisons of dry mass and nitrogen allocation patterns indicate that developmental strategies employed by evergreen, perennial plants in climatically and edaphically constrained environments cannot be deduced from biomass allocation patterns alone as they do not appear to reflect strategies evolved to overcome nutrient limitation.
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