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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (33)
  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1975-1979  (13)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering to contain the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene enhances degradation of benzoic acid by Xanthomonas maltophilia (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Xanthomonas maltophilia ; benzoic acid ; Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene ; genetic engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Xanthomonas maltophilia was transformed with the gene encoding Vitreoscilla (bacterial) hemoglobin, vgb, and the growth of the engineered strain was compared with that of the untransformed strain using benzoic acid as the sole carbon source. In general, growth of the engineered strain was greater than that of the untransformed strain; this was true for experiments using both overnight cultures and log phase cells as inocula, but particularly for the latter. In both cases the engineered strain was also more efficient than the untransformed strain in converting benzoic acid into biomass. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and excretion of α-amylase in vgb+ and vgb- recombinant escherichia coli: A comparative study (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 673-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: microaerobic growth ; oxygen limitation ; oxygen uptake ; recombinant Escherichia coli ; synthesis and excretion/secretion of α-amylase ; two-stage culture ; Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Synthesis and excretion of α-amylase is investigated in batch cultures of Escherichia coli JM103[pMK57] (vgb-) and E. coli JM103[pMK79] (vgb+). While total production and excretion of α-amylase were promoted in Luria broth (LB) (excretion being as high as 87%), cell-mass-specific production of the enzyme was promoted in M9 in bioreactor cultures and in LB in shake flask cultures. Low aeration and agitation rates and presence of starch were conducive to α-amylase synthesis in E. coli JM103[pMK79]. Two-stage bioreactor operating strategies that will improve α-amylase production are proposed. The potential of these strategies is demonstrated via two-stage shake flask cultures. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:673-678, 1998.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic engineering of Serratia marcescens with bacterial hemoglobin gene: Effects on growth, oxygen utilization, and cell size (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ; bacterial hemoglobin ; Serratia marcescens ; genetic engineering ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla has been shown to increase growth yield and yield of genetically engineered product in Escherichia coli. To test the generality of this phenomenon, the approximately 560-bp bacterial (Vitreoscilla) hemoglobin gene (vgb) (including the native promoter), cloned into the vector pUC8 in two constructs containing about 1650 and 850 bp, respectively, of Vitreoscilla DNA downstream of vgb, was transformed into Serratia marcescens. After several transfers of the transformants on selective media, both plasmids became stable in this host and the resulting strains produced hemoglobin. Both transformants were compared, regarding growth in liquid Luria-Bertani (LB) medium, with untransformed S. marcescens and S. marcescens transformed with pUC8. The vgb-bearing strains had about 5 times lower maximum viable cell numbers than the strains without hemoglobin, but the former also had late log or early stationary phase cells that were 5-10 times larger than those of the latter. Further, on a dry cell mass basis the presence of vgb inhibited cell growth in liquid media. In contrast, growth of the vgb-bearing strains on LB plates based on cell mass (determined from colony size) was markedly enhanced compared with that of the pUC8 transformant. Respiration of the vgb-bearing strains was lower than that of the strains without vgb on a cell mass basis. These results show that the presence of vgb can have idiosyncratic effects and is not always an aid to cell growth so that its use for genetic engineering must be tested on a case by case basis. ©1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 477-483, 1998.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic engineering of Serratia marcescens with the bacterial hemoglobin gene: Alterations in fermentation pathways (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 640-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Vitreoscilla hemoglobin ; metabolic engineering ; fermentation ; acetoin ; 2,3-butanediol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Serratia marcescens was transformed with plasmid vector pUC8 or pUC8 containing the bacterial (Vitreoscilla) hemoglobin gene (vgb) on either a 2.3-kb fragment (pUC8:15) or 1.4-kb fragment (pUC8:16) of Vitreoscilla DNA. The vgb-bearing strains were compared with the pUC8 transformant and untransformed S. marcescens with respect to growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth supplemented with glucose or casein acid hydrolysate. Growth (on a viable cell basis) was similar to that in unsupplemented LB. Total acid excretion (as estimated by medium pH) was similar for all strains in both LB plus 2% casein acid hydrolysate and LB without additions. Acid excretion in LB plus 2% glucose was somewhat greater at up to 10 h in culture for the two vgb-bearing strains; from 10 to 26 h in culture, the pHs of these cultures continued to decrease (to 4.1-4.2), whereas those of the non-vgb-bearing strains returned to near the starting pH (7.4-7.8). Concomitantly, after 26 h of culture in LB plus 2% glucose, the non-vgb-bearing strains had produced about 15 times as much acetoin and about three to four times as much 2,3-butanediol as the vgb-bearing strains. In general, for all strains, much more acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were produced in LB plus 2% glucose than in unsupplemented LB. The exception was acetoin production by the strain bearing vgb on plasmid pUC8:15; after 26 h of culture in LB without supplementation it was between three and four times that of the other strains, and about 50% higher than its level in LB plus 2% glucose. When grown with the 2% casein acid hydrolysate supplement, the strain bearing vgb on plasmid pUC8:15 produced much more acetoin and 2,3-butanediol than the other strains after 26 hours in culture. The results confirm that vgb can significantly alter carbon metabolism and suggest that the use of vgb technology for directed metabolic engineering may be a complicated process, depending in part on medium composition. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:640-646, 1998.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organo-metal carbonyl compounds of iron, molybdenum, and manganese as photosensitisers of the anhydride cure of epoxy resins (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 50 (1976), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Verbindungen der Strukturformeln [π-C5H5M(CO)nX] (M = Fe, n = 2; M = Mo, n = 3; X = CH3, CH2C6H5, CH2Si(CH3)3, CH2OCH3, Sn(C6H5)3, SnCl3, HgCl, I), [Mn(CO)5CH3], und [(π-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3] wurden als Katalysatoren für die Härtung von Epoxidharzen unter verschiedenen Bedingungen geprüft. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Verbindungen [π-C5H5Fe(CO)2R] (R = CH3, CH2C6H5) und [π-C5H5Mo(CO)3CH3] wirksame lichtempfindliche Beschleuniger für die Anhydridhärtung von Expoxidharzen sind. Der Aktivierungsmechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Compounds of the types [π-C5H5M(CO)nX] (M = Fe, n = 2; M = Mo, n = 3; X = CH3, CH2C6H5, CH2Si(CH3)3, CH2OCH3, Sn(C6H5)3, SnCl3, HgCl, I), [Mn(CO)5CH3], and [(π-CH3C5H4)Mn(CO)3] have been examined as catalysts for the cure of epoxy resins under various conditions. It was found that the compounds [π-C5H5Fe(CO)2R] (R = CH3, CH2C6H5) and [π-C5H5Mo(CO)3CH3] are active photosensitizing agents for the anhydride cure of certain epoxy resins. The mechanism of the process is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050500102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation by carbon-13 and proton NMR spectroscopy of the diglycidyl derivative of phenolphthalein (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 56 (1976), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 13C-und 1H-NMR-Untersuchungen haben überzeugend gezeigt, daß die Hauptkomponente des Epoxidharzes aus Phenolphthalein und Epichlorhydrin ein aromatischer Diglycidyläther mit einem Lactonring ist und nicht eine chinoide Verbindung mit Glycidylätherund Glycidylesterstruktur.
    Notes: 13C- and 1H-NMR studies have shown conclusively that the main component of the epoxy resin derived from phenolphthalein and epichlorohydrin is an aromatic diglycidyl ether containing a lactone ring, rather than a glycidyl ether-glycidyl ester compound containing a quinoid ring.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1976.050560112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cis-Effekt bei photochemischen Cyclobutanspaltungen (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 3084-3110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The cis-Effect in Photochemical Cleavages of CyclobutanesSelectivities in cleavage orientations on direct irradiation of cyclobutane derivatives are studied systematically at 20-30°C and -190°C with various examples. Phenyl and acrylic ester groups, in more or less sterically hindered environments, serve as chromophors. The cleavage reactions proceed via short-lived 1,4-diradicals. As a consequence of the two-step mechanism geometric isomerization of the cyclobutanes is observed and  -  as expected  -  there is no precisely reciprocal behaviour of fluorescence yields and photochemical quantum yields within series of related compounds. There is a clear preference for cleavage of the cyclobutane bond bearing i the chromophore and ii the substituent which sterically interacts most effectively with the chromophore (cis-effect). The application of the empirically supported effect to cyclovinylogous (retro-)Diels-Alder and [4 + 2 + 2]-reactions, e. g., is discussed. The syntheses and chemical or spectroscopic characterization (UV, fluorescence, NMR) of the compounds (phenylcyclobutanes, truxinic esters, dimers of muconic esters) investigated are described.
    Notes: Die Spaltungsorientierung von Cyclobutanderivaten nach direkter Lichtanregung wird an zahlreichen Beispielen bei 20-30°C und -190°C systematisch untersucht. Als Chromophore in sterisch mehr oder weniger stark behinderter Umgebung dienen Phenyl- und Acrylester-Gruppen. Die Spaltungsreaktionen verlaufen über kurzlebige 1,4-Diradikale. Als Folge des Zweistufenmechanismus werden geometrische Isomerisierungen der Cyclobutane beobachtet, und man erhält  -  wie erwartet  -  kein exakt reziprokes Verhalten von Fluoreszenzausbeuten und photochemischen Quantenausbeuten in Verbindungsreihen. Bevorzugt wird die Cyclobutan-Bindung gespalten, welche den Chromophor und die sterisch am stärksten auf diesen einwirkende Gruppe trägt (cis-Effekt). Die Anwendung des empirisch gesicherten Effekts, z. B. auf cyclovinyloge (Retro-)Diels-Alder- und [4 + 2 + 2]-Reaktionen wird diskutiert. Synthese und chemische sowie spektroskopische Charakterisierung (UV, Fluoreszenz, NMR) der untersuchten Verbindungen (Phenylcyclobutane, Truxinsäureester, Muconsäureester-Dimere) werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19771100914
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selektivitäten bei der Photolyse von Diphenylcyclobutenen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3608-3623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Selectivities in the Photolysis of Diphenylcyclobutenes[2 + 2]Photoaddition of diphenylacetylene (1) to electron-rich cycloalkenes 2, 5 yields cis-fused adducts, which in most cases are also prepared by treatment of stilbene adducts with NBS and pyridine. UV and fluorescence spectra as well as photolysis results are analyzed with respect to the feasibility of partial internal rotations of phenyl groups. For comparison, a series of related compounds 8-15 are included. The photoselectivities may be easily rationalized on the basis of quantum yields and product yields determined under various experimental conditions: if partial rotation is unhindered, α-cleavage, obtains; on the other hand, cyclization to labile 4a,4b-dihydrophenanthrenes occurs, if the helical conformation of the chromophor is sterically fixed. Only intermediate 19 undergoes a fast [4 + 4]cycloreversion to give the monocyclic diene 17 (indirect β-cleavage). In other cases related [4 + 4]photoreactions can be enforced by high intensities of polychromatic light. There are no indications for direct photochemical β-cleavages.
    Notes: Durch [2 + 2]-Photoaddition von Diphenylacetylen (1) an elektronenreiche Cycloalkene 2, 5 werden cis-verknüpfte Addukte erhalten, die größtenteils auch durch NBS- und Pyridinbehandlung von Stilbenaddukten gewonnen werden. Die UV- und Fluoreszenzspektren sowie Photolyseergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf interne partielle Rotationsmöglichkeiten der Phenylgruppen analysiert und mit einer Reihe weiterer 1,2-Diphenylcyclobuten-Derivate 8-15 verglichen. Die Photoselektivitäten können an Hand der Ausbeuteverhältnisse unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen und zusammen mit Quantenausbeutemessungen verstanden werden: Bei unbehinderter partieller Rotation tritt α-Spaltung, bei sterischer Fixierung der Schraubenkonformation des Chromophors Cyclisierung zu instabilen 4a,4b-Dihydrophenanthren-Derivaten ein. Nur beim Zwischenprodukt 19, wird die schnelle [4 + 4]-Cycloreversion zum monocyclischen Dien 17 (indirekte β-Spaltung) beobachtet. In anderen Fällen lassen sich entsprechende [4 + 4]-Reaktionen photochemisch erzwingen. Es gibt keine Anhaltspunkte für direkte photochemische β-Spaltungen.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19781111109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vier Synthesewege zu (2-Pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkansäuren (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 862-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Four Routes for the Synthesis of (2-Pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkanoic AcidsNucleotide analogues of amino acids with variously substituted 2-pyrimidinyl side chains are available by four synthetic routes. 1) The cyclocondensation of 2-alkyl-3-aminoacroleins (4) with amino acids containing guanidino functions (5b) gives Nδ-(5-alkyl-2-pyrimidinyl)ornithine derivatives (7). 2) Cyclocondensations of 1,3-diketones of (9) with C-(guanidino)amino acids or N-(amidino)amino acids (5a-d) yield (4,6-dialkyl-2-pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkanoic acids (10). 3) (4-Alkyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-2-pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkanoic acids (13) are obtained by way of cyclocondensation of ethyl acetoacetate (12) with 5a-c. 4) The nucleophilic substitution of 2-ethylthio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidines (14, 17) by mono- and diamino acids (15) yields (5-alkyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-2-pyrimidinylamino)- and (4-alkyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-2-pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkanoic acids (16, 18).
    Notes: Nucleotid-analoge Aminosäuren mit verschieden substituierten 2-Pyrimidinyl-Seitenketten sind auf vier Wegen zugänglich: Die Cyclokondensation von 2-Alkyl-3-aminoacroleinen (4) mit Aminosäuren mit Guanidinofunktion (5b) führt zu Nδ-(5-Alkyl-2-pyrimidinyl)ornithin-Derivaten (7). Cyclokondensationen von 1,3-Diketonen (9) mit C-(Guanidino)aminosäuren bzw. N-(Amidino)aminosäuren (5a-d) liefern (4,6-Dialkyl-2-pyrimidinyiamino)-n-alkansäuren (10). Durch Cyclokondensationen von Acetessigester (12) mit 5a-c sind (4-Alkyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-2-pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkansäuren (13) darstellbar. Aus 2-Äthylthio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidinen (14, 17) lassen sich durch nucleophile Substitution mit Mono- und Diaminosäuren (15) (5-Alkyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-2-pyrimidinylamino)- sowie (4-Alkyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-2-pyrimidinylamino)-n-alkansäuren (16, 18) erhalten.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19751080319
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Konfiguration und cis-Effekt bei Diphenyl-(oxa)bicyclo[4.2.0]octanen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3624-3643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Configuration and cis-Effect in Diphenyl-(oxa)bicyclo[4.2.0]octanesPhotoadditions of trans-stilbene to electron-rich alkenes (2b, 4d, and others) are studied with respect to literature reports for 4d which are not in agreement with the common two-step mechanism in this type of reaction. Contrary to literature reports, the photoadducts are cis-fused and contain trans-oriented phenyl groups. The photolysis results of the various stilbene adducts are a consequence of the cis-effect which is inherent to two-step cleavages of cyclobutanes. The large variations in selectivity are discussed. Indications to the structure and equilibria of conformers are derived from molecular models, fine structure of UV spectra, and fluorescence data. In addition to cleavage reactions in most cases there are stereomerizations of the cyclobutanes observed even at -190°C. Some of the bifunctional styryl enol ethers formed are isolated and in some cases subjected to intramolecular [2 + 2]photocycloaddition. In a special case on irradiation of 14 a new [4 + 2 + 2]-photocycloreversion has been detected.
    Notes: Die Photoadditionen von trans-Stilben an elektronenreiche Alkene (z. B. 2b, 4d u.a.) werden im Hinblick auf mit dem üblichen Zweistufenmechanismus nicht vereinbare Literaturangaben bei 4d untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben sind die Photoaddukte cis-verknüpft und besitzen trans-ständige Phenylgruppen. Die Photolyse der verschiedenen Stilbenaddukte folgt dem bei zweistufigen Vierringspaltungen gültigen cis-Effekt. Die beträchtlichen Selektivitätsvariationen werden diskutiert. Hinweise auf die Strukturen und Gleichgewichte von Konformeren werden aus Molekülmodellen, der Feinstruktur von UV-Spektren und Fluoreszenzdaten gewonnen. Neben den Vierringspaltungen werden in den meisten Fällen schon bei -190°C geometrische Isomerisierungen beobachtet. Einige bifunktionelle Styrylenolether-Derivate werden isoliert und z. T. der intramolekularen [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition unterworfen. Als Sonderfall wird bei der Belichtung von 14 eine neue [4 + 2 + 2]-Photocycloreversion beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19781111110
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