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Species composition and above ground phytomass in chalk grassland with different management (1983)

Willems, J. H.

Springer

Plant ecology 52 (1983), S. 171-180

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Chalk grassland ; Diversity ; Experimental plot ; Grazing ; Management ; Mowing ; Phytomass ; Succession

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract During the last decades chalk grasslands lost their agricultural importance in the greater part of their distribution area in W Europe. Due to their botanical richness a number of chalk grassland sites were established as Nature Reserve. As a consequence of the semi-natural character of these grasslands an appropriate management is necessary to maintain or to re-create this vegetation including a great number of rare and endangered species. This paper deals with the results of three different management practices, viz. mowing in autumn, sheep grazing and abandoning, of a medium term (8–11 yr) permanent plot experiment. Sheep grazing was considered the best management since it resulted in the highest number of species, phanerogams as well as bryophytes, and the highest number of characteristic chalk grassland species. Abandoning resulted in a decrease in species number and a dominance of a few species only. The changes in species number are related to the above ground biomass. Under the canopy in the abandoned plot light intensity and the Red/Far-red ratio are very low, which partly explains the decrease in species number as such conditions are not favourable to seedling emergence and survival.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044994

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Diversity models applied to a chalk grassland (1984)

During, H. J. ; Willems, J. H.

Springer

Plant ecology 57 (1984), S. 103-114

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Chalk grassland ; Diversity model ; Exclosure ; Fertilization ; Grazing ; Management ; Mowing ; Sod cutting ; Species richness

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract In a permanent plot experiment started in 1971, the effects of several management regimes on diversity of a Dutch chalk grassland have been investigated and the results have been compared to existing models predicting general trends in diversity. Treatments included grazing, mowing, and leaving untouched; in the mown plots, the effects of fertilizing and sod cutting were also studied. Grazing resulted in the highest diversity, leaving untouched in the lowest (ca. 42 and 15 spp. per m2, respectively). Within the mown plots, fertilizing decreased diversity. The effects of sod cutting disappeared after some years. The results conform best with the response surface model of Huston (1979) relating diversity to frequency of population reduction and rate of competitive displacement, but a slight modification of the shape of the surface is suggested.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047305

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Phytosociological and geographical survey of Mesohromion communities in Western Europe (1982)

Willems, J. H.

Springer

Plant ecology 48 (1982), S. 227-240

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Keywords: Braun-Blanquet approach ; Limestone grassiands ; Mesobromion grasslands ; Synchorology ; Western Europe

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract A survey is given of the floristic composition and geographical distribution of limestone grasslands assigned to the Mesobromion ereeti, in Western Europe. This survey is based upon 800 vegetation relevés from various investigators throughout the area. Relevant tables have been summarized into a synoptic table with 30 columns. Each column represents a community described as an association or a subassociation. The synoptic table shows a division into a NW European group (Ireland, England, Denmark, and South Sweden) and a Central-W European group (Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and Switzerland). Associations belonging to the former have, as a rule, a smaller distribution area than the latter. In the latter group only two associations can be distinguished: Mesobrometum erecti and Antherico-Brometum ass. nov. The Mesobrometum is widespread and includes many subassociations. The Antherico-Brometum shows a transition towards the Xerobromion erecti. According to Barkman et al., (1976) the often used name Gentiano-Koelerietum has to be seen as a not-correct synonym for the Mesobrometum erecti. The Mesobromion grasslands can, in general, not be divided based upon their agricultural management system. An attempt is made to interpret the gradual transition in floristic composition of the limestone grasslands from NW to SE, with climatological data.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00055265

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