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  • 1
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    The distance and spectrum of the Apollo gamma-ray burst (1980)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-637X
    Electronic ISSN: 1538-4357
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Three-dimensional imaging of X-ray and gamma-ray objects in real time (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A simple device is described that is capable of providing real-time 3-D viewing of extended X-ray and gamma-ray objects. The visible-light images produced by the device are not merely stereoscopic, i.e., one perspective, but possess both horizontal and vertical parallax with a reasonably large field of view.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 19; Sept. 1
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    X-ray imaging of extended objects using nonoverlapping redundant array (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A common problem associated with X-ray imaging using coded apertures is the reconstruction of low-intensity extended objects. In the decoding of such objects, the overlapping images from the multiple pinholes give rise to noise cross talk and, in many cases, also to signal cross talk. In this paper, an alternate approach is proposed based on the principle used in an earlier (Yin et al., 1980) laboratory device for the real-time viewing of X-ray objects. It is shown that with this approach, the nonoverlapping redundant array, the sidelobes in the point spread function are not eliminated but merely displaced through a suitable choice of geometry. In this manner, the sidelobes no longer contribute to the background in the vicinity of a reconstructed image, and both signal and noise cross talks are completely eliminated. It may now be possible to reconstruct extended X-ray objects in 3-D by simple optical correlation and tomographically by a computer.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 22; July 15
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    A small, battery-operated fluoroscopic system - Lixiscope with X-ray generator (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A small, battery-operated X-ray generator has been developed to be used as part of a small-format fluoroscopic system, the Lixiscope (Low Intensity X-ray Imaging Scope). The X-ray generator consists of a grounded rod-anode X-ray tube with a 0.2 mm focal spot and a specially designed, battery-operated, 0 to -80 kV high-voltge supply. Total power consumption is about 10 W. The fine focal spot, in conjunction with the continuously variable X-ray intensity and spectral distribution, helps to extend both the versatility and the performance of the Lixiscope toward a much wider range of terrestrial and spacecraft applications. The complete fluoroscopic system is described, and some examples of possible applications are shown.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Materials Evaluation (ISSN 0025-5327); 41; June 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Tomographic and analog 3-D simulations using NORA (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The results of two computer simulations demonstrate the feasibility of using the nonoverlapping redundant array (NORA) to form three-dimensional images of objects with X-rays. Pinholes admit the X-rays to nonoverlapping points on a detector. The object is reconstructed in the analog mode by optical correlation and in the digital mode by tomographic computations. Trials were run with a stick-figure pyramid and extended objects with out-of-focus backgrounds. Substitution of spherical optical lenses for the pinholes increased the light transmission sufficiently that objects could be easily viewed in a dark room. Out-of-focus aberrations in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated using Chang's (1976) algorithm.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 23; 2239-224
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Method and apparatus for mapping the distribution of chemical elements in an extended medium (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Contaminants in an extended medium such as the wall of a building are mapped by locating neutron excitation source on one side of the wall and a gamma ray spectrometer, including a gamma ray detector on the opposite side of the wall facing the excitation source. The source and detector are moved in unison in discrete steps over opposing wall surfaces so as to determine the chemical composition of the elements in a hemispheric region of the wall adjacent the detector with the radius of the region being substantially that of the mean free path distance of gamma rays emitted from elements interacting with neutrons on the detector side of the wall. The source and detector are reversed for relatively thick walls for mapping the distribution of elements on the other side of the wall thickness. The output of the detector is fed to a multichannel pulse height analyzer where the intensity of the various gamma ray spectral lines are indicated relative to a dominant constituent element such as silicon. Resolution of anomalies such as the presence of voids and/or determining the bulk density of the medium is achieved by substituting a gamma ray source technique is also applied to metal alloys, such as iron alloys, in either the solid or molten state.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NAS 1.71:GSC-12808-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    A balloon-borne high-resolution spectrometer for observations of gamma-ray emission from solar flares (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The design, development, and balloon-flight verification of a payload for observations of gamma-ray emission from solar flares are reported. The payload incorporates a high-purity germanium semiconductor detector, standard NIM and CAMAC electronics modules, a thermally stabilized pressure housing, and regulated battery power supplies. The flight system is supported on the ground with interactive data-handling equipment comprised of similar electronics hardware. The modularity and flexibility of the payload, together with the resolution and stability obtained throughout a 30-hour flight, make it readily adaptable for high-sensitivity, long-duration balloon fight applications.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-86069 , NAS 1.15:86069
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    New position-sensitive hard X-ray spectrometer (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The design and features of a new prototype Lixiscope (Low intensity X-ray imaging scope) is described. It is shown that in addition to good spatial and temporal resolution in the 20 keV to 200 keV region, it is capable of single-photon counting, imaging as well as good energy resolution. It is concluded that the device is well suited for future low-flux applications in astronomy, medicine, and industry.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: PB80-211667 , Review of Scientific Instruments; 51; June 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    A hard X ray and soft gamma ray telescope spectrometer (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A telescope spectrometer in the hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray region from 30 keV to 200 keV can provide significant information in investigations related to solar physics and planetary science. The present study is concerned with the preliminary design of such an instrument, taking into account a use of the Low Intensity X-ray Imaging Scope (Lixiscope). In the design of the considered telescope spectrometer, attention would have to be given to three major components, including the X-ray and gamma-ray input optics, an imaging detector-spectrometer, and an output processor. The preliminary results provided by the present study indicate that, in principle, a complete hard X-ray and soft gamma-ray telescope imaging spectrometer system using the Lixiscope is feasible. However, much work remains to be done with respect to the optimization and improvement of the system for future flight applications.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Imaging spectroscopy; February 10, 11, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    The distance and spectrum of the Apollo gamma-ray burst (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The gamma-ray spectrometer on Apollo 16 obtained spectral information with good energy resolution from more than 2500 burst photons in the energy range 0.06-5.16 MeV. The spectrum from 1 keV to 2 MeV, observed at X-ray energies by the Apollo X-ray spectrometer, is fitted by a thermal bremsstrahlung spectrum with kT = 500 keV. The success of the fit implies that the source is optically thin, and it follows that it must be closer than 50 pc. Absence of spectral variability suggests that the burst results from isothermal changes in emission measure.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 236
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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