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  • 1980-1984  (6)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of the Coronary Circulation During Exercise (1983)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 45 (1983), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.45.030183.001241
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Alterations in mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum from heart and skeletal muscle of horizontally casted primates (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Horizontally body-casted rhesus monkeys are used as an animal model in order to study the physiological changes known as cardiovascular deconditioning which occur during weightless conditions. No difference was found between the experimental and control animals in heart mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation which indicates that no apparent changes occurred in the primary energy-producing system of the heart. A marked increase in cytochrome oxidase activity was observed in the casted primate heart mitochondria compared to controls, while a 25% decrease in respiratory substrate-supported calcium uptake was found in casted primate heart mitochondria compared to controls. Sacroplasmic reticulum isolated from the primate hearts revealed marked changes in calcium transport activities. It is concluded that the marked depression in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum functions indicates altered calcium homeostasis in the casted-primate heart which could be a factor in cardiovascular deconditioning.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Changes in blood volume and response to vaso-active drugs in horizontally casted primates (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Experiments were performed on horizontally casted primates (male rhesus monkeys) in order to note changes in blood volume caused by horizontal restraint, to compare orthostatic tolerance before and after casting using the responses to upright tilting, to begin to uncover the cardiovascular and neural mechanisms involved in deconditioning, and to compare the data with that obtained from bed-rested human subjects and from humans exposed to weightlessness. Bolus injections of norepinephrine of 2.0 microgram/kg, phenylephrine of 4.0 microgram/kg, and nitroprusside of 2.0 microgram/kg were administered; and aortic pressure and heart rate were recorded during the injections. The results indicate that the horizontally casted primate is a valid animal model for studying the effects of simulated zero-G on the human cardiovascular system.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: p. S-27
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Effects of horizontal body casting on the baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term horizontal body position on baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate. Six male rhesus monkeys (6.2-9.4 kg) were given bolus injections of 4.0 microgram/kg, phenylephrine during each of the following conditions: awake, anesthetized (10 mg/kg ketamine HCl), and after beta-blockade (1 mg/kg propranolol HCl) before, 7, 14, and 28 days after being placed in a horizontal body cast. R-R interval vs. systolic arterial pressure was plotted, and the slope was determined by least-squares-fit linear regression. Baroreceptor slope was significantly reduced by 7 days of horizontal body position and remained attenuated throughout the 28-day restraint period both before and after beta-receptor blockade. These data are consistent with the thesis that prolonged exposure to a zero-gravity environment impairs autonomic reflex regulation of the cardiovascular system.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 52
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    The effects of horizontal body casting on blood volume, drug responsiveness, and +Gz tolerance in the rhesus monkey (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To simulate the weightless condition, eight rhesus monkeys, instrumented with solid-state pressure transducers, were horizontally restrained in body casts for 28 days. Blood volume decreased an average of 13% after 14 days of restraint, due mainly to a drop in plasma volume. Aortic pressure and heart rate responses to norepinephrine and phenylephrine decreased after 14 days of restraint. The monkeys did not show a statistically significant decreased tolerance to a 90 deg sudden upright tilt after horizontal restraint. During the fifth week of casting, four animals were subjected to +Gz acceleration tests on a centrifuge. The acceleration tolerance of the casted monkeys was significantly reduced compared to four similarly instrumented control animals. These findings indicate that the cardiovascular deconditioning associated with simulated weightlessness results from an inability to maintain central blood volume during orthostatic stress.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Control of the Coronary Circulation During Exercise (1983)
    Annual Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0066-4278
    Electronic ISSN: 1545-1585
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Annual Reviews
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    PAPER CURRENT
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