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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 106 (1984), S. 6155-6161 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 47 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Subprimals were randomly allocated into groups using a 2 meat type by 4 mixing time randomized complete block design. The Standard beef rounds and Choice, Yield Grade 3 chucks were obtained within 48 hr of slaughter and fabricated into sectioned and formed beef steaks. Binding strength of individual pieces was measured by sensory panel scores and Instron adhesion values. Myofibrillar proteins present in the exudate were separated using slab gel electrophoresis. Instron adhesion and sensory bind were positively correlated (0.56). There was a significant (P 〈 0.01) linear increase in binding up to 12 min of mixing. Exudate protein at the bond area increased substantially (P 〈 0.01) during mixing treatments. Sarcoplasmic proteins remained constant over all treatments. The percent of myofibrillar protein in the exudate decreased as mixing increased. Binding strengths were similar for both muscle types. The relative -amounts of the major myofibrillar proteins, including a fraction in the 30,000 dalton region, did not change over mixing times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sectioned and formed beef steaks were manufactured from Standard beef rounds, Choice beef plates and Choice, Yield Grade 3, Meat Buyers Guide (126) 3-piece chucks. Replicates were established by slaughter day. A trained sensory panel evaluated juiciness, flavor, tenderness, and connective tissue residue. Color scores were assigned to steaks from each treatment. Instron Kramer shear was used to evaluate tenderness and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used to measure rancidity. Reflectance spectrophotometry indicated oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin content. Mixing improved tenderness (P 〈 0.01) by 20% after 18 min. An 8% improvement occurred after 6 min. Mixing increased sensory juiciness (P 〈 0.01) and flavor (P 〈 0.05). Subjective and objective measures indicated that steaks processed from chuck were less tender (P 〈 0.01). Cooking yields improved linearly (P 〈 0.01) due to mixing. The TBA values were low and did not change due to treatment or after 90 days storage at –30°C. Subjective and objective color analyses indicated highly desirable color for fresh beef. Steaks processed from chuck meat were higher in percent metmyoglobin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Meat pieces (2–3 cm cubes) from A maturity, Standard grade beef rounds were processed into sectioned and formed steaks. Processing treatments were blade tenderization and no blade tenderization, vacuum and no vacuum mixing, 0.5% salt and no salt addition, and 0, 8, 16, and 24 mm mixing times. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used to indicate rancidity, Instron adhesion to evaluate bind between meat pieces, Instron-Kramer shear to evaluate steak tenderness, and a trained sensory panel to evaluate initial and overall tenderness, connective tissue residue, juiciness and flavor. The TBA values were higher in steaks with 0.5% salt after 90 days of storage while no differences were shown between mixing times. Cooking losses were lower after 24 min mixing. Mixing for 16 min increased binding and improved tenderness. Juiciness and flavor were not influenced by mixing time. Meat pieces mixed for 16 min with 0.5% salt produced the best sectioned and formed steaks.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pure cultures of Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and two lactic starters were plated with laboratory media containing 0.5% of a food grade poly- or pyrophosphate. Heated or unheated tetra sodium pyrophosphate (TSPP) was highly inhibitory or lethal to all cultures tested, followed by unheated sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and sodium polyphosphate glassy (SPG), while sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) was not inhibitory or enhanced recoveries. Heating reduced the effectiveness of phsophates as inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 46 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Choice, Yield Grade 3 chucks were purchased vacuum packaged within 48 hr of slaughter. They were randomly allocated to treatments of vacuum or no vacuum mixing and 6 or 12 min mixing periods. The meat was formulated into sectioned and formed steaks. A trained sensory panel evaluated all samples and color scores were assigned to each steak. Instron adhesion measured binding of meat pieces, Kramer shear indicated tenderness, mg exudate/cm2 measured binding proteins. Reflectance spectrophotometry measured oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin. Electrophoresis was used to separate and quantitate individual myofibrillar proteins. Sensory analyses indicated vacuum processed steaks had superior bind (P 〈 0.01) while juiciness, flavor and tenderness remained unchanged. Instron analyses indicated no difference in tenderness or bind strength due to vacuum. Subjective color analyses indicated less desirable color for vacuum mixing (P 〈 0.05) and the amount of oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin were not changed due to treatment. There was less exudate at the bond site for vacuum mixing (P 〈 0.01). Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins were similar over vacuum treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nine combinations of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCI), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2,) at high and low ionic strengths (IS) (0.42 and 0.21 respectively) and low IS with 0.13% tripotassium phosphate (K3PO4) were used to determine the effects of a reduction or partial replacement of sodium on bologna characteristics and acceptability. The NaCl-MgCl2 had significantly (P 〈 0.05) less stable and firm emulsion and compression hardness than NaCl or NaCl-KCl treatments. Low IS treatments had significantly less stable and firm emulsions and lower compression hardness than high IS treatments. Adding PO4 to low IS treatments produced products similar to high IS treatments. Only slight textural changes occurred in products after 14 days of cooler (1°C) storage. High IS NaCl and NaCl-KCl and low IS NaCl-PO4, NaCl-MgCl2 -PO4 and NaCl-KCl-PO4 were found acceptable for flavor, texture, and color by consumer panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 31 (1980), S. 377-399 
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 85 (1981), S. 2238-2243 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 45 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of post-cooking beef sample temperatures of 22°C (room temp) and 50°C on sensory measures were determined. Steaks from psoas, longissimus, and semitendinosus muscles from carcasses of A−, A+, and C+ USDA maturity groups were used. Steaks were oven roasted to 70°C internal temperature and cores (1.88 cm) were removed and halved, with one-half being maintained at 22°C and the other half at 50°C. A calibrated double boiler system was used to accurately control sample temperature. Eight trained sensory panelists rated all samples on a 7-point rating scale for flavor, juiciness, initial tenderness, and overall tenderness, and on a 5-point rating scale for connective tissue residue. Significantly higher values for flavor (P 〉 0.01) and juiciness (P 〉 0.01) were found for 50°C samples, Tenderness measures were not affected by serving temperature. Correlation coefficients between juiciness and the various tenderness measures were higher for the 22°C samples but lower for flavor and the other sensory measures at 22°C.
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