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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1982-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0301-4681
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0436
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1981-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4827
    Electronic ISSN: 1090-2422
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 30 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . The structure and ultrastructure of the chitinous lorica of Eufolliculina sp. are described. The lorica is produced from precursor material secreted by the motile swarmer immediately after settling. This material is located in numerous vesicles found in the cortical region of the cells and is secreted by exocytosis. Initially, material is secreted from the ventral part of the cell to produce the attachment plate of the lorica. After this, exocytosis occurs over most of the body surface as the ampulla part of the lorica is constructed. During the later stages of lorica formation, secretion is mainly limited to the anterior of the cell as the neck is formed. The lorica is shaped mainly by the action of the cilia and by the behavior of the cell. While the neck is being formed, the anterior part of the cell is deformed by a local accumulation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. This deformation is employed in shaping the neck. No changes were detected in the organization of the cortical infraciliature during the first stages of lorica formation, but they do occur after the neck has been produced and as the swarmer develops into the sessile form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 27 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Filamentous cyanobacteria are ingested through the cytopharynx of the ciliate Pseudomicrothorax dubius. The cytopharynx is a complex of microtubules and microfilaments located in a highly vesiculated cytoplasm, the phagoplasm. Two types of membrane-bounded phagoplasmic vesicles can be distinguished by their differences in size, fine structure, and acid phosphatase (AcPase) content. One type has a homogeneous, electron-dense interior which is AcPase-positive. These vesicles are present in fed cells and in unfed cells devoid of food vacuoles, and thus appear to be primary lysosomes. During phagocytosis, exocytosis within the cytopharynx of the primary lysosomes results in the elaboration of a food vacuole. The vacuole grows by incorporation of lysosomal membrane; lysosomal hydrolases are liberated into the vacuole. Within less than 1 second of AcPase's entry into the food vacuole, it is detectable within the cyanobacterial cytoplasm, and within 5 seconds, destruction of the cyanobacterial filament is observed. It is hypothesized that the rapidity of hydrolase penetration of the cyanobacterial cell wall is the result of the action of molecules analogous to the “killing agents” of neutrophil leukocytes, which rapidly render bacterial envelopes permeable. AcPase, and presumably other hydrolases, are present in the cyanobacterial filament when filament destruction occurs; they thus appear implicated in this process. Hydrolases may activate an autodestruction mechanism in the cyanobacterium. Firm adherence of the food vacuole membrane to the cyanobacterial filament is demonstrated, and its role in phagocytosis is discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Schlinger Pseudomicrothorax dubius ingestiert innerhalb von 1–2 min ein großes Volumen fädiger Blaualgen. Die Nahrung ist unmittelbar nach dieser rapiden Phagocytose in einer einzigen, sehr großen Vakuole eingeschlossen, die fast den ganzen Ciliaten ausfüllt. Im Verlaufe der folgenden Stunde vesikuliert diese große Nahrungsvakuole über Zwischenstufen zu einer Vielzahl von Vakuolen mit 1–2 μm Durchmesser. Gleichzeitig erfolgt eine Kondensierung des Vakuoleninhaltes. Erst zu diesem Zeitpunkt setzt die Verdauung der Nahrung ein, wie an Hand von zahlreichen Dictyosomen belegt wird, die nun in unmittelbarer Nähe der Nahrungsvakuolen nachzuweisen sind. Durch die Vesikulation der großen Nahrungsvakuole in kleinere Einheiten sowie durch die Kondensierung der Nahrung wird bewirkt, daß die über Lysosomen in die Nahrungsvakuolen abgegebenen Verdauungsenzyme optimal eingesetzt werden. Nach Beendigung der Verdauung liegen viele leere Vakuolen vor, die durch eine stark gefaltete Kontur gekennzeichnet sind. Diese Vakuolen gehen allem Anschein nach wieder in den Membranhaushalt der Zelle ein.
    Notes: Summary The gulper Pseudomicrothorax dubius ingests a large volume of filamentous blue-green algae within 1–2 min. Immediately after this rapid phagocytosis, the food is enclosed in a single, extremely large food vacuole, which fills up the ciliate almost entirely. During the following hour this giant food vacuole vesiculates. Finally numerous small vacuoles are present, 1–2 μm in diam. Simultaneously the content of the vacuoles is noticeably condensed. At this time the digestion of the food starts as is indicated by numerous dictyosomes, which now surround the periphery of the food vacuoles. Due to both, the prior vesiculation of the food vacuole and the condensation of the food, the digestive enzymes can act very effectively. After 6–8 hours, when the digestion of the food is finished, numerous empty vacuoles are found. Each is characterized by a highly irregular, convoluted outline. Apparently these vacuoles are eventually recycled to the membrane pool of the cell.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Phagocytosis and digestion in Climacostomum virens were investigated using the flagellate Chlorogonium elongatum as food. The flagellates are pushed through the buccal tube to be enclosed in food vacuoles in the cytopharyngeal region at the base of the buccal tube. Cytopharyngeal vesicles contribute membrane to the forming food vacuoles. Within 3–5 min after ingestion, small vesicles, presumably primary lysosomes, surround the food vacuole and fuse with it. Electron-lucent folds develop in the food vacuole membrane 3–6 h after feeding. Electron dense evaginations from the vacuole are detected 9–24 h after ingestion. Folds and evaginations appear to be involved in the resorption and transport of digested material through the cytoplasm. Defecation of undigested residues at the cytoproct occurs 12–24 h after ingestion. The membrane of the defecation vacuole fragments to form numerous vesicles as the undigested residues are discharged.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 2 (1982), S. 9-24 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: amoebae ; actinopoda ; heliozoa ; Actinophrys ; phagocytosis ; pseudopodia ; membrane ; extrusomes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two phases of prey capture by the heliozoon Actinophrys sol are documented by electron microscopy. The phases are those of prey adhesion to the predator and enclosure of the prey by the predator. Adherence is brought about by numerous small pieces of adhesive membrane produced by the predator at the site of prey contact. Some of the heliozoan extrusomes expel their contents at this time, but the significance of this event is unclear. Enclosure of the prey is effected by a funnelshaped pseudopodium. This is drawn over the prey by the action of the leading margin. The ultrastructural appearance of the cytoplasm of the leading margin differs from the rest of the cell, being homogeneous and finely filamentous. Both force and traction for the progression of the pseudopod are generated primarily at the tip. During the development of the funnel-pseudopod, extrusomes expand and fuse with each other and with the plasma membrane. Their investing membrane is thereby made available as food vacuole membrane.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 10 (1980), S. 137-147 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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