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  • 1980-1984  (9)
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Year
  • 1
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    Electrical Resistivity Soundings of Glacier Beds: A Test Study on Grubengletscher, Wallis, Swiss Alps (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Description: Electrical resistivity sounding, using electrodes which are lowered directly to the ice–rock interface in bore holes, is proposed as a technique for studying the exact position of glacier beds, as well as their lithological characteristics. A test study is described on Grubengletscher, a partially cold Alpine glacier in Switzerland. Results of soundings along a 400m long profile indicate that previous depth determinations, based on radio echo-soundings, were in general accurate to within less than 5% of the actual ice thickness. The results also show that the glacier rests on non-consolidated sediments of considerable thickness. The proposed method could add substantial information about glacier sliding and glacier erosion, if applied alongside conventional deep drilling projects.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 2
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    Electrical Resistivity Soundings of Glacier Beds: A Test Study on Grubengletscher, Wallis, Swiss Alps (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Description: Electrical resistivity sounding, using electrodes which are lowered directly to the ice–rock interface in bore holes, is proposed as a technique for studying the exact position of glacier beds, as well as their lithological characteristics. A test study is described on Grubengletscher, a partially cold Alpine glacier in Switzerland. Results of soundings along a 400m long profile indicate that previous depth determinations, based on radio echo-soundings, were in general accurate to within less than 5% of the actual ice thickness. The results also show that the glacier rests on non-consolidated sediments of considerable thickness. The proposed method could add substantial information about glacier sliding and glacier erosion, if applied alongside conventional deep drilling projects.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Geothermal Effects of 18 ka BP Ice Conditions in the Swiss Plateau (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Description: Quaternary surface temperature and ice conditions have lowered today’s temperatures in the uppermost 1 to 2 km of the Earth’s crust in the Swiss plateau by about 5 to 6°C in regions of formerly temperate glacier beds, and these effects were even greater on temperatures in formerly periglacial regions. Effects of latent heat exchange during the formation and thawing of ice-rich permafrost in high-porosity sediments enhance the effects of heat diffusion in low-porosity rock. The influence of underground ice formation, however, seems to be limited. This is due both to the limited thickness of high-porosity sediments and to the fact that high post-glacial surface temperatures in the Swiss plateau shortened the thaw time of ice-rich permafrost which formed at the time of maximum glaciation (18 ka BP). The greatest effects of ice conditions in 18 ka BP may therefore be expected outside the plateau in Alpine valleys. Here, advection of cold ice through glacier flow may have cooled high-porosity sediments of considerable thickness well below 0°C.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 4
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    Modelling Temperature Distribution in Alpine Glaciers (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Description: Modelling temperature distribution in non-temperate mountain glaciers presents problems not normally encountered when modelling ice sheets or ice shelves. These problems are mainly concerned with numerical instabilities caused by the high, nonuniform gradients of various input parameters (geometry, mass balance, surface temperature, and flow velocity). Steady-state solutions must be used to check and complete data sets, before using models of greater complexity to calculate temperature fields in a more realistic way. Test runs with a computer model, which allows for true two-dimensional solutions and realistic velocity fields, are described for two examples from the Swiss Alps. These steady-state calculations illustrate, in a semi-quantitative way, that advection of cold ice by glacier flow strongly influences the temperature distribution in both an existing large valley glacier with a cold accumulation zone (Grenzgletscher), and a large piedmont glacier of the last ice age, around 18 ka BP (Rheingletscher). Non-steady-state models are being prepared and tested for future calculations.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
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    Frequency and Characteristics of Glacier Floods in the Swiss Alps (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: Damage due to glacier floods in the Swiss Alps occurs about once every two years at present, despite the pronounced retreat of glaciers during the twentieth century and the installation of many water reservoirs, which act as flood retention basins. Over half (60 to 70%) of the observed floods are caused by outbursts of marginal glacier lakes or sudden breaks of ice dams, and 30 to 40% by ruptures of water pockets. In a glacierized mountain region as densely populated as the Swiss Alps, even debris flows triggered by outbursts of very small water masses may be dangerous. Historical information about glacier floods in the Swiss Alps, although incomplete and heterogeneous, is used as an empirical basis for an attempt to recognize potential hazards at an early stage by considering outburst processes, volumes of water involved, potential peak-discharge values, lithology and inclination within the reach of glacier streams.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geothermal Effects of 18 ka BP Ice Conditions in the Swiss Plateau (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Description: Quaternary surface temperature and ice conditions have lowered today’s temperatures in the uppermost 1 to 2 km of the Earth’s crust in the Swiss plateau by about 5 to 6°C in regions of formerly temperate glacier beds, and these effects were even greater on temperatures in formerly periglacial regions. Effects of latent heat exchange during the formation and thawing of ice-rich permafrost in high-porosity sediments enhance the effects of heat diffusion in low-porosity rock. The influence of underground ice formation, however, seems to be limited. This is due both to the limited thickness of high-porosity sediments and to the fact that high post-glacial surface temperatures in the Swiss plateau shortened the thaw time of ice-rich permafrost which formed at the time of maximum glaciation (18 ka BP). The greatest effects of ice conditions in 18 ka BP may therefore be expected outside the plateau in Alpine valleys. Here, advection of cold ice through glacier flow may have cooled high-porosity sediments of considerable thickness well below 0°C.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modelling Temperature Distribution in Alpine Glaciers (1984)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Description: Modelling temperature distribution in non-temperate mountain glaciers presents problems not normally encountered when modelling ice sheets or ice shelves. These problems are mainly concerned with numerical instabilities caused by the high, nonuniform gradients of various input parameters (geometry, mass balance, surface temperature, and flow velocity). Steady-state solutions must be used to check and complete data sets, before using models of greater complexity to calculate temperature fields in a more realistic way. Test runs with a computer model, which allows for true two-dimensional solutions and realistic velocity fields, are described for two examples from the Swiss Alps. These steady-state calculations illustrate, in a semi-quantitative way, that advection of cold ice by glacier flow strongly influences the temperature distribution in both an existing large valley glacier with a cold accumulation zone (Grenzgletscher), and a large piedmont glacier of the last ice age, around 18 ka BP (Rheingletscher). Non-steady-state models are being prepared and tested for future calculations.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Frequency and Characteristics of Glacier Floods in the Swiss Alps (1983)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-01-01
    Description: Damage due to glacier floods in the Swiss Alps occurs about once every two years at present, despite the pronounced retreat of glaciers during the twentieth century and the installation of many water reservoirs, which act as flood retention basins. Over half (60 to 70%) of the observed floods are caused by outbursts of marginal glacier lakes or sudden breaks of ice dams, and 30 to 40% by ruptures of water pockets. In a glacierized mountain region as densely populated as the Swiss Alps, even debris flows triggered by outbursts of very small water masses may be dangerous. Historical information about glacier floods in the Swiss Alps, although incomplete and heterogeneous, is used as an empirical basis for an attempt to recognize potential hazards at an early stage by considering outburst processes, volumes of water involved, potential peak-discharge values, lithology and inclination within the reach of glacier streams.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Glaciological Society.
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Snow accumulation, firn temperature and solar radiation in the area of the Colle Gnifetti core drilling site (Monte Rosa, Swiss Alps): Distribution patterns and interrelationships (1983)
    In:  EPIC3Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 19(2), pp. 131-147
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Distributional patterns of glaciological parameters at the Colle Gnifetti core drilling site are described and their interrelationships are brietly discussed. Observations within a stake network established in 1980 furnish information about snow accumulation (short term balance), submergence velocity of ice flow (long term balance), ram hardness (melt layer stratigraphy), and firn temperature. In addition, a numerical model was used to estimate local variations of available radiant energy. Melt layer formation is considerably more intensive on the south facing parts of the firn saddle where incoming radiation is high. These melt layers seem to effectively protect some of the fallen snow from wind erosion. As a result, balance ist up to one order of magnitude larger on south facing slopes. Heat applied to the surface is therefore positively correlated with balance, whereas the relation between solar radiation and firn temperature is less clear. Distributional patterns of submergence velocity confirm that the observed spatial variability of surface balance is representative for longer time periods and greatly influences the time scale and the stratigraphy of firn and ice cores from Colle Gnifetti.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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