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  • 1980-1984  (7)
  • 1
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    Simple radiative transfer model for relationships between canopy biomass and reflectance (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A modified Kubelka-Munk model has been utilized to derive useful equations for the analysis of apparent canopy reflectance. Based on the solution to the model simple working equations were formulated by employing reflectance characteristic parameters. The relationships derived show the asymptotic nature of reflectance data that is typically observed in remote sensing studies of plant biomass. They also establish the range of expected apparent canopy reflectance values for specific plant canopy types. The usefulness of the simplified equations was demonstrated by the exceptionally close fit of the theoretical curves to two separately acquired data sets for alfalfa and shortgrass prairie canopies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Jan. 15
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Comprehensive Understanding for Vegetated Scene Radiance Relationships (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Directional reflectance distributions spanning the entire existent hemisphere were measured in two field studies; one using a Mark III 3-band radiometer and one using the rapid scanning bidirectional field instrument called PARABOLA. Surfaces measured included corn, soybeans, bare soils, grass lawn, orchard grass, alfalfa, cotton row crops, plowed field, annual grassland, stipa grass, hard wheat, salt plain shrubland, and irrigated wheat. Analysis of field data showed unique reflectance distributions ranging from bare soil to complete vegetation canopies. Physical mechanisms causing these trends were proposed. A 3-D model was developed and is unique in that it predicts: (1) the directional spectral reflectance factors as a function of the sensor's azimuth and zenith angles and the sensor's position above the canopy; (2) the spectral absorption as a function of location within the scene; and (3) the directional spectral radiance as a function of the sensor's location within the scene. Initial verification of the model as applied to a soybean row crop showed that the simulated directional data corresponded relatively well in gross trends to the measured data. The model was expanded to include the anisotropic scattering properties of leaves as a function of the leaf orientation distribution in both the zenith and azimuth angle modes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Fundamental Remote Sensing Sci. Res. Program, Part 1; p 32
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Comprehensive Understanding for Vegetated Scene Radiance Relationships (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: The improvement of our fundamental understanding of the dynamics of directional scattering properties of vegetation canopies through analysis of field data and model simulation data is discussed. Directional reflectance distributions spanning the entire existance hemisphere were measured in two field studies; one using a Mark III 3-band radiometer and one using rapid scanning bidirectional field instrument called PARABOLA. Surfaces measured included corn, soybeans, bare soils, grass lawn, orchard grass, alfalfa, cotton row crops, plowed field, annual grassland, stipa grass, hard wheat, salt plain shrubland, and irrigated wheat. Some structural and optical measurements were taken. Field data show unique reflectance distributions ranging from bare soil to complete vegetation canopies. Physical mechanisms causing these trends are proposed based on scattering properties of soil and vegetation. Soil exhibited a strong backscattering peak toward the Sun. Complete vegetation exhibited a bowl distribution with the minimum reflectance near nadir. Incomplete vegetation canopies show shifting of the minimum reflectance off of nadir in the forward scattering direction because both the scattering properties or the vegetation and soil are observed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Fundamental Remote Sensing Sci. Res. Program, Part 1; p 75-86
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    A Sphere-Scanning Radiometer for Rapid Directional Measurements of Sky and Ground Radiance: the PARABOLA Field Instrument (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A unique field instrument, called the PARABOLA, a collapsable support boom, which is self contained and easily transportable to remote sites to enable the acquisition of radiance data for almost the complete (4 pi) sky and ground-looking hemispheres in only 11 seconds was designed. The PARABOLA samples in 15 deg instantaneous field of view sectors in three narrow bandpass spectral channels simultaneously. Field measurement on a variety of earth surface cover types using a truck boom, a specially designed pickup truck mounting system, and a hot air balloon were studied. The PARABOLA instrument has potential for climatological and other studies which require characterization of the distribution of diffuse solar radiation within the sky hemisphere.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-86171 , NAS 1.15:86171
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Fundamental remote sensing science research program. Part 1: Scene radiation and atmospheric effects characterization project (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Brief articles summarizing the status of research in the scene radiation and atmospheric effect characterization (SRAEC) project are presented. Research conducted within the SRAEC program is focused on the development of empirical characterizations and mathematical process models which relate the electromagnetic energy reflected or emitted from a scene to the biophysical parameters of interest.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-86078 , NAS 1.15:86078
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Relationships between diffuse reflectance and vegetation canopy variables based on the radiative transfer theory (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Out of the lengthy original expression of the diffuse reflectance formula, simple working equations were derived by employing characteristic parameters, which are independent of the canopy coverage and identifiable by field observations. The typical asymptotic nature of reflectance data that is usually observed in biomass studies was clearly explained. The usefulness of the simplified equations was demonstrated by the exceptionally close fit of the theoretical curves to two separately acquired data sets for alfalfa and shortgrass prairie canopies.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-82067 , ASP-ACSM Ann. Conv.; Feb 22, 1981 - Feb 27, 1981; Washington, DC; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Using LANDSAT digital data for estimating green biomass (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Relationships between the quantity of mixed prairie rangeland vegetation and LANDSAT MSS response were studied during four growing seasons at test sites throughout the United States Great Plans region. A LANDSAT derived parameter, the normalized difference was developed from theoretical considerations fro statistical estimation of the amount and seasonal condition of rangeland vegetation. This parameter was tested for application to local assessment of green forage biomass and regional monitoring of range feed conditions and drought. Results show that for grasslands in the Great Plains with near continuous vegetative cover and free of heavy brush and forbs, the LANDSAT digital data can provide a useful estimate of the quantity of green forage biomass (within 250 kg/ha), and at least five levels of pasture and range feed conditions can be adequately mapped for extended regions.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10328 , NASA-TM-80727 , Ann. Meeting of the Soc. for Range Management Symp. on Rangeland Remote Sensing; Feb 17, 1977; Portland, OR; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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