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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the grade of some ideals (1981)
    Springer
    Manuscripta mathematica 34 (1981), S. 241-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1785
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An “additivity” formula is obtained for the grade of an ideal in a residue ring R/I, where I is a perfect ideal. This result is then applied to compute the grade of ideals of linear (inhomogeneous) polynomials. Further results on the homological rigidity of the conormal module I/I2 are pointed out. Finally, an elementary proof is given of a result of Buchsbaum concerning the grade of ideals of minors of a matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01165538
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Natur des Wassers in synthetischen Hydrogelen. III. Dilatometrie, spezifische Leitfähigkeit und dielektrische Relaxation von Poly (2,3-dihydroxypropylmethacrylat) (1980)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 989-989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584940
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface characterization of functional poly(diacetylene) and poly(butadiene) mono- and multilayers (1982)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 260 (1982), S. 262-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Contact angle ; streaming potential ; ellipsometry ; photoelectron spectroscopy ; Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers ; poly(diacetylene)s ; poly(butadiene)s
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surface properties of Langmuir-Blodgett mono- and multilayers of a variety of amphiphilic poly(diacetylene)s and poly(butadiene)s were investigated by contact angle, streaming potentialζ, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements. Captive air and octane angles varied between approximately 60° and 105° for hydrophobicx-layers and 31° to 46° for hydrophilic surfaces depending on the particular head group, whereas advancing angles determined via the vertical plate method are considerably higher. Negative streaming potentials were obtained for all surfaces. Positively charged monolayers yielded less negativeζ- potential values (−28 mV) than negatively charged (−52 mV) or hydrophobic (−50 mV) layers. Ellipsometry measurements yielded an average layer thickness of 27±6 Å for 3 to 11 layers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results qualitatively confirmed the expected composition. All of the samples, which were handled and stored in air after deposition and polymerization, were surface oxidized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01447963
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and pulse NMR analysis of water in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 3719-3728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrophilic three-dimensional methacrylate polymer networks (hydrogels) were prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as crosslinker. The nature and states of water in these hydrogels were studied by differential thermal analysis and pulse NMR relaxation spectroscopy. The thermal studies showed no endotherm peak for ice melting in the lower water content (bound water region); there are two endotherms peaks for higher water content hydrogels near 0°C. The amounts of bound water, intermediate water, and bulklike (free) water in the hydrogels were determined from a quantitative analysis of the endotherms of the water melting transitions. The water structure ordering in the hydrogels were discussed in terms of the fusion entropy and enthalpy obtained from the endotherm. Nuclear magnetic relaxation spectroscopy was also used to understand the mobilities of the water protons in the hydrogels and the interaction of water molecules with the gel networks. The measured spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) values for water protons in the hydrogels are greatly reduced compared to that of liquid water. The measured values of spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of water protons in the hydrogels are approximately 10 times less than that of T1 and are almost constant in the region of bound water content. Beyond the bound water content region in the hydrogels, the T2 values rapidly increase as the water content increases.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070261118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface oxidation of cis-trans polybutadiene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 1269-1276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Uncrosslinked cis-trans polybutadiene films were prepared on ultraclean glass microscope slides by uniform dipping. The samples were stored in different environments prior to evaluation of surface oxidation by dynamic contact angle using the Wilhelmy plate method and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Storage conditions evaluated were: (1) laboratory air at 20°C and 30% relative humidity; (2) vacuum at 0.1 torr; (3) distilled water equilibrated with air; and (4) degassed distilled water. XPS and contact angle analysis indicate that samples exposed to air undergo significant surface oxidation within 8 h. Exposure of polybutadiene to air-equilibrated water results in slower oxidation. Samples stored in degassed water demonstrated less surface oxidation. Vacuum-stored samples demonstrated the least surface oxidation. Dynamic contact angle measurements demonstrated that receding contact angles are more sensitive to changes in surface oxidation than are advancing contact angles, as expected. Changes in surface wetting characteristics are readily observed after only 1 h in laboratory air, although XPS analysis does not show evidence of oxidation within 4 h of air storage.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270416
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood-materials interactions: The minimum interfacial free energy and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypotheses (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 16 (1982), S. 381-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Numerous hypotheses exist to explain observed blood-materials interactions. It is the purpose of this article to test two popular hypotheses, namely, the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypothesis. Methacrylate polymers and copolymers were characterized using the captive bubble underwater contact angle method; bulk water content was determined by gravimetric methods; streaming potential measurements were made; and surface roughness and possible particulate contamination were evaluated by reflected light microscopy. In vitro blood tests include whole blood clotting time measurements on polymer-coated tubes; centrifugal force platelet adhesion on polymer-coated coverslips; and a measure of the partial thromboplastin time, Russell's viper venom time (Stypven time), and the prothrombin time of native whole blood exposed to polymer-coated microscope slides. Results suggest that platelet adhesion correlates in the opposite direction of whole blood clotting time and partial thromboplastin time, emphasizing the need for a multiparameter approach to blood-materials testing. Based on these tests the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis is not supported. In fact, the data suggest the opposite to be true. It is apparent that platelet adhesion can be a misleading indicator of blood compatibility. Neither hypotheses can explain the apparent conflict between the platelet adhesion data and the coagulation time data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820160407
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  • 7
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    Die Natur des Wassers in synthetischen Hydrogelen. III. Dilatometrie, spezifische Leitfähigkeit und dielektrische Relaxation von Poly (2,3-dihydroxypropylmethacrylat) (1980)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Surface characterization of functional poly(diacetylene) and poly(butadiene) mono- and multilayers (1982)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0372-820X
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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