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  • 1
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    Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric N2O and halocarbon concentrations (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 56-58
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment. II - Calibration (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The calibration standards used in the Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment (ALE) for CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CH3CCl3, and CCl4 are described. This includes the preparation of the primary standards by static dilution and their propagation and stability for the period 1977-1982. Two independent assessments of the absolute concentrations of the primary standards used to initiate the ALE measurements in 1977-1978 are reported. For consistency in the ALE program the values assigned to the primary standards and subsequent working standards used in the field were not altered during the experiment when results of better estimates of the original concentration values were obtained. Rather, the appropriate factors by which the ALE mixing ratios for a given species should be multiplied to obtain the best estimate of the current concentration of a given species, are provided.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 20
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  • 3
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    Conestoga 2: A low cost commercial space transport system (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Conestoga 2 is currently under development. It is capable of inserting 500 Kg satellites into 800 Km circular polar orbits. Conestoga 2 makes maximum use of existing (developed) technology and hardware. Its commercial objective is to fill a need for low cost low Earth orbital transport not efficiently served by Shuttle or larger space transport systems. Low Earth orbit markets, foreign participation, and launch site considerations are discussed along with technical and economic trade-offs.
    Keywords: SPACE TRANSPORTATION
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center 2nd Symp. on Space Industrialization; p 169-195
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Interlaboratory comparison of fluorocarbons-11, -12, methylchloroform and nitrous oxide measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements conducted by 19 participating laboratories were considered in the reported interlaboratory comparison study. The results show that there is considerable disagreement among laboratories regarding the absolute concentrations of all four trace gases (CCl3F, CCl2F2, H3CCl3, N2O). The magnitude of this disagreement is discussed. Laboratories in Group II showed considerable disagreement among themselves. Their results were scattered within large intervals of concentration. Laboratories in Group I (using common standards) were in excellent (+ or - 5%) agreement among themselves. A systematic disagreement was noted between Groups I and II laboratories. Generally, the mean values of concentrations determined from the measurements of Group II laboratories were lower than the mean values reported by Group I laboratories.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Atmospheric Environment; 15; 9, 19; 1981
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  • 5
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    Nitrous oxide measurements in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper considers nitrous oxide measurements in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. The concentration of N2O in the marine air showed a direct relationship to the N2O in the surface sea water, with the highest N2O mixing ratios over highly supersaturated regions; water samples were also collected down to depths of 300 m at seven hydrocast stations. The stations showed two distribution patterns for N2O concentration vs depth for the region between the surface and 300 m; two stations in the oxygen deficient region off the coast of Peru showed considerable N2O super-saturation at all depths, and results indicate that the role of N2O in the nitrogen cycle of the ocean may be more complex than previously suggested.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Tellus; 32; Feb. 198
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The atmospheric lifetime experiment. III - Lifetime methodology and application to three years of CFCL3 data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of the chlorofluorocarbon CFCl3 obtained several times daily over the period July 1978 to June 1981 at Adrigole, Ireland; Ragged Point, Barbados; Point Matatula, American Samoa; and Cape Grim, Tasmania are reported. In addition, observations at Cape Meares, Oregon are given for the period January 1980 to June 1981. On January 1, 1980, the average mixing ratio of CFCl3 in the lower troposphere is esimated to have been 168 pptv, and this is calculated to have been increasing 5.7 percent annually. Assuming that the only destruction of CFCl3 occurs in the stratosphere, the lifetime, on January 1, 1980, estimated by a trend technique is 83 + 73, or -27 years; the lifetime estimated from the global inventory of CFCl3 is to + 89 or -25 years. The maximum likelihood current lifetime estimate obtained by combining the estimates from both analysis techniques is 78 years.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 20
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  • 7
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    The atmospheric lifetime experiment. I - Introduction, instrumentation, and overview (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment is designed to determine accurately the atmospheric concentrations of the four halocarbons CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CCl4, and CH3CCl3, and also of N2O with emphasis on measurement of their long-term trends in the atmosphere. Comparison of these concentrations and trends for the four halocarbons with estimates of their industrial emission rates then enables calculations of their global circulation rates and globally averaged atmospheric lifetimes. The experiment utilizes automated dual-column electron-capture gas chromatographs which sample the background air about 4 times daily at the following globally distributed sites: Adrigole, Ireland, Cape Meares, Oregon; Ragged Point, Barbados; Point Matatula, American Samoa, and Cape Grim, Tasmania. The climatology of these 'clean air' sites and their ability to describe the global air mass are reviewed. The instrumentation and methods for data acquisition and processing are then described. An overview of the data obtained and the trends derived during the 3-year period from July 1978 through June 1981 for each of the five species being measured is presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 20
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  • 8
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    The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment. IV - Results for CF2Cl2 based on three years data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of dichlorodifluoromethane obtained several times daily over the period July 1978 to June 1981 at Adrigole, Ireland (52 deg N, 10 deg W), Ragged Point, Barbados (13 deg N, 59 deg W), Point Matatula, American Samoa (14 deg S, 171 deg W), and Cape Grim, Tasmania (41 deg S, 145 deg E), are reported. Observations at Cape Meares, Oregon (45 deg N, 124 deg W), are also given for the period November 1980 to June 1981. On January 1, 1980, the average mixing ratio of dichlorodifluoromethane in the lower troposphere is estimated to have been 285 pptv and to have been increasing at 6.0 percent/year. The atmospheric lifetime of this compound is estimated from this data by adjusting its destruction rate in a two-dimensional model of the atmosphere so as to provide the best fit to the observations. Assuming destruction of CF2Cl2 in the stratosphere only, the lifetime estimate for January 1, 1980, by the inventory technique is 69 + 36 or - 18 years. The trend technique principally provides a lower limit to the lifetime of 81 years. The results suggest a need for further assessment of dichlorodifluoromethane release estimates, particularly those from the USSR and eastern Europe.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Oct. 20
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  • 9
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    The atmospheric lifetime of methylchloroform (CH3CCl3) (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The lifetime of atmospheric methylchloroform (CH3CCl3) is estimated to be about 6 (+ or - 1.5) years based on extensive measurements taken over the past seven years at remote locations of the world, ranging from inside the Arctic Circle to the South Pole. The average level of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) deduced from the lifetime of CH3CCl3 is about 8 x 10 to the 5th molecules/cu cm, but this value is uncertain by up to + or - 75 percent.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Tellus, Series B - Chemical and Physical Meteorology (ISSN 0280-6509); 36B; 317-332
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  • 10
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    A wind tunnel investigation of the shape of uncharged raindrops in the presence of an external, electric field (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Results of a wind tunnel experiment in which electrically uncharged water drops of 500 to 3000 microns equivalent radius are freely suspended in the vertical air stream of the UCLA cloud tunnel are presented. During this suspension the drops were exposed to external vertical electric fields of 500 to 8,000 volts/cm. The change in drop shape with drop size and electric field strength was noted and is discussed in the light of theoretical work cited in the literature which unfortunately does not take into account the effects of air flow past the drop. The wind tunnel study is documented by stills from a 16 mm film record that demonstrates the shape of water drops in response to both hydrodynamic and electric forces.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: JPL Proc. of the 2d Intern. Colloq. on Drops and Bubbles; p 239-243
    Format: application/pdf
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