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  • SPACE RADIATION  (23)
  • 1980-1984  (23)
  • 1
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    Evidence that the anomalous cosmic-ray component is singly ionized (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data from the Cosmic Ray Subsystem on the Voyager spacecraft were used to measure the spectra of He, C, N, O, and Ne with 4-124 MeV per nucleon (for O) during solar minimum conditions near the end of 1977. By subtracting both a low-energy interplanetary component and the high-energy galactic component, the energy spectra of the 'anomalous' cosmic-ray species He, N, O, and Ne are determined. The energy dependences of such spectra are found to depend upon the charge state of the particles, their source spectra, and the rigidity dependence of the diffusion coefficient. If the source spectra at the boundary of the modulation region have similar power-law energy dependences, then the observed energy spectra indicate that the anomalous particles are singly ionized.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 287; L99-L103
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  • 2
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    Elemental abundances of ultraheavy cosmic rays (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The elemental composition of the cosmic-ray source is different from that which has been generally taken as the composition of the solar system. No general enrichment of products of either r-process or s-process nucleosynthesis accounts for the differences over the entire range of ultraheavy elements; specific determination of nucleosynthetic contributions to the differences depends upon an understanding of the nature of any acceleration fractionation. Comparison between the cosmic-ray source abundances and the abundances of C1 and C2 chondritic meteorites suggests the possibility that differences between the cosmic-ray source and the 'standard (C1) solar system' may not be due to acceleration fractionation of the cosmic rays, but may be due instead to a fractionation of the C1 abundances with respect to the interstellar abundances.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 4; 2-3
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  • 3
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    The isotopic composition of galactic cosmic-ray iron nuclei (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High-resolution observations made in interplanetary space of 83-284 MeV per nucleon galactic cosmic-ray iron isotopes are reported and it is directly established that Fe-56 is the dominant cosmic-ray Fe isotope. The following percentage abundances for Fe at the cosmic-ray source are found: Fe-54 = 9(+8, -5)%, Fe-55 is less than or equal to 7%, Fe-56 = 91(+5, -11)%, Fe-57 is less than or equal to 8%, and Fe-58 is less than or equal to 6%. When compared to calculated nucleosynthesis yields and other observations, these results place significant constraints on the neutron excess of the environment where cosmic-ray Fe originates.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 236
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  • 4
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    High resolution measurements of galactic cosmic-ray neon, magnesium, and silicon isotopes (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High-resolution measurements of the abundances of individual isotopes of neon, magnesium and silicon in galactic cosmic rays are reported. The Caltech Heavy Isotope Spectrometer Telescope on board the ISEE 3 spacecraft was used to obtain measurements in the range 30 to 180 MeV/n at an rms mass resolution of 0.20 amu. Results indicate excesses of Ne-22 as well as Mg-25 and Mg-26 in galactic cosmic rays with respect to their solar system abundances. Calculations of the effects of interstellar propagation and solar modulation on cosmic-ray isotope abundances also imply an Mg-25 + Mg-26 cosmic ray source fraction significantly greater than the solar system fraction, and it is suggested that the cosmic ray source material and solar system material were synthesized under different conditions.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 235
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  • 5
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    Cosmic-ray abundances of elements with atomic number 26 less than or equal to 40 measured on HEAO 3 (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Individual elements in the cosmic radiation of even atomic number (Z) in the interval 26-40 have been resolved and their relative abundances measured. The results are inconsistent with a cosmic-ray source whose composition in this charge interval is dominated by r-process nucleosynthesis. The ratios of cosmic-ray source abundances to solar system abundances in this interval follow the same general correlation with first ionization potential as for the lighter elements, although there are deviations in detail.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 247
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  • 6
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    The isotropic composition of cosmic ray B, C, N, and O nuclei (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: High resolution measurements are presented for the elemental and isotopic composition of galactic cosmic ray B, C, N, and O nuclei with about 30-130 MeV/nucleon. The isotopes are separately resolved, and the resulting abundances are limited by statistical rather than systematic uncertainties. N is found to be significantly depleted in the cosmic ray source with respect to the solar system and local interstellar medium, and it is concluded that the N-14/O-16 limit is inconsistent with models in which a majority of cosmic rays are accelerated interstellar material.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 251
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  • 7
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    Abundances of cosmic ray nuclei heavier than 50 Sn (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Preliminary results are reported from 430 days of exposure of the heavy nuclei experiment on the HEAO-3 spacecraft. These results are confined to the heavy nuclei with Z equal to or greater than 50 and emphasize the conclusions obtained on the relative numbers of actinides and heavy stable elements in the lead-platinum region. The extreme paucity of actinides found is inconsistent with the predictions of a cosmic ray source that is highly enriched in r-process material, but quite consistent with a source whose composition is similar to that of normal solar system material. An upper limit, at the 95 percent confidence level, is placed in the ratio of nuclei with Z equal to or greater than 88/(Z in the range from 74 to 87) of 0.03.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The isotopic composition of low energy cosmic rays (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: High-resolution isotope measurements are reported of B, C, N, O, and Ne nuclei with 5-140 MeV/n. These observations extend the study of cosmic ray isotopes to lower energies than before, and provide new information on the isotopic composition of the anomalous cosmic ray component.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 9
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    Implications of ultraheavy cosmic-ray source composition derived from observations by the HEAO-3 heavy nuclei experiment (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The contribution of r-process and s-process nucleosynthesis to the Cameron (1980) solar system (SS) abundances for Z at least 33 has been derived. In the interval Z equals 34-40 HEAO-3 data extrapolated to the cosmic-ray source (CRS) fit the solar system mix better than r-process. In the interval Z between 26-40 the HEAO-3 results for CRS/SS follow the same general correlation with first ionization potential as for the lighter elements although there are deviations in detail.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
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  • 10
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    A Cerenkov - Delta E/Delta X experiment for measuring cosmic-ray isotopes from neon through iron (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Cosmic-ray isotope masses are measured in a balloon-borne cosmic-ray experiment. Two Cerenkov counters and an NaI scintillator stack are used to determine changes in energy and in the Lorentz factor for a traversing or stopping particle. The mass is defined at the ratio of the change in energy to the change in the Lorentz factor. For incident elements from neon through iron, mass resolution better than 0.3 a.m.u. is expected, with incident Lorentz gammas ranging from 2.4 to 3.1, depending on the element. The mass resolution is approximately 0.2 a.m.u., measured for Mn-55 ions having an incident Lorentz factor of 2.75.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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