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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic polyamides with imide pendent groupsPresented in part at the IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecules, Strasbourg, July 1981. (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 111 (1983), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aromatische Polyamide mit Imidseitengruppen wurden aus 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylether und Imid-Disäurechloriden durch Lösungspolykondensation hergestellt. Die verwendeten Imid-Disäurechloride umfaßten die Disäurechloride von 5-Maleinimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Dichlormaleinimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Tetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Hexachlorendomethylentetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Endomethylentetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Methylenendomethylentetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, und 5-Phthalimidoisophthalsäure. Das reine aromatische Polyamid aus 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylether und Isophthaloylchlorid wurde zu Vergleichszwecken ebenfalls hergestellt.Polyamidimide sind in polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln löslich und zeigen gute thermische Beständigkeit. Sie können Filme bilden, die gute mechanische Eigenschaften haben. Diejenigen Polyamidimide, die ungesättigte Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen enthalten, können durch Erhitzen auf 220°C vernetzen und geben unlösliche Materialien mit verbesserter mechanischer Festigkeit.
    Notes: Aromatic polyamides with imide pendent groups were prepared from 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether and imide-diacid chlorides by solution polycondensation. Imidediacid chlorides used included the diacid chlorides of 5-maleimidoisophthalic, 5-dichloromaleimidoisophthalic, 5-tetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalic, 5-chlorendimidoisophthalic, 5-nadimidoisophthalic, 5-methylnadimidoisophthalic and 5-phthalimidoisophthalic acid. The pure aromatic polyamide from 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether and isophthaloyl chloride was also prepared for comparative reasons.Polyamide-imides are soluble in polar organic solvents and show good thermal resistance. They are film-forming and the films have good mechanical properties. Those polyamide-imides which contain unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds may be crosslinked by heating to 220°C, giving rise to insoluble materials with improved mechanical resistance.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1983.051110102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of the kinetics of the reaction of NiO and Al2O3 to NiAl2O4 by Rutherford backscattering (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 5 (1983), S. 119-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quantitative evaluation of RBS data resulted in data for the parabolic reaction rate constants for the reaction between Al2O3 and NiO at temperatures from 960°C up to 1105°C. The activation energy and the preexponential factor were in good agreement with literature data. The experimental data of this work also permitted a detailed description of reaction mechanisms on a microscopic level. The reaction between Al2O3 and NiO starts with penetration of Al3+ ions along the grain boundaries of NiO, followed by counter-diffusion of Ni2+ ions. A thin spinel layer (NiAl2O4) is formed at the Al2O3/NiO interface, after a relatively short nucleation period. The reaction then proceeds, both by lateral and perpendicular diffusion. In an appendix, the detailed evaluation procedure of the spectra was described.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740050308
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the grain structure of Al2O3 substrate on the solid state reaction with a layer of NiO: A comparative backscattering spectrometry study 1 (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 5 (1983), S. 167-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The solid state reaction of Al2O3—NiO reaction couples was investigated by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. NiO films on the alumina substrates were obtained by vapour-deposition of Ni and subsequent oxidation at 800°C in air. Substrates of about the same surface roughness, thus providing equal contact areas for the reaction couples, were used. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. In spite of the different structure and a grain size that varied within a factor of 10, of the Al2O3 materials, no obvious difference in the spectra based on the used reaction couples could be detected. Suggested substantial contribution to the reaction from surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion along the substrate grain boundaries could therefore be rejected.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740050408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aliphatic-aromatic polyamide-imides from diisocyanates, 3Part 2: cf.2.. Additional information derived from high field 1H NMR spectra (1982)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 3 (1982), S. 505-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1982.030030710
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aliphatic-aromatic polyamide-imides from diisocyanates, 1. 1H and 13C NMR study of polymer structure (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 557-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of a diisocyanate and an asymmetric aliphatic-aromatic diacid containing a preformed imide group was studied in order to obtain polyamide-imides. It is shown in this paper that combined 1H and 13C NMR spectrometry will permit the quantitative evaluation of the proportions of head-tail, head-head, tail-tail additions, provided the content of urea in the polymer is low. In order to obtain unequivocal assignments and to thoroughly characterize the NMR spectra of the polymer, several model compounds resembling the polymer backbone were synthesized. A model polymer was synthesized with the same purpose, and its 1H and 13C NMR spectra fully assigned. Unexpected chemical functions in the polymer, like urea and carboxylic acid, can also be easily detected and quantified by NMR.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830305
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aliphatic-aromatic polyamide-imides from diisocyanates, 2Part 1: cf.2.. Study of the influence of the reaction conditions on polymer structure (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 571-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polycondensation of 4,4′-methylenediphenylisocyanate and 6-(4-carboxyphthalimido)-hexanoic acid was studied under different conditions in order to establish the influence of factors such as temperature, catalyst, stoichiometric disbalance, and addition order of reactants on the molecular weight and the chemical composition of the final polyamide-imide. All these factors proved to influence the extent of possible side reactions that lead to undersirable functions, the main ones being urea functions that locate within the polymer backbone. Other side-reactions proposed to explain the formation of acylureas or biurets did not take place in appreciable extent since these functions could not be detected by NMR spectroscopy. Therefore, particular emphasis was made to prevent the formation of urea by changing the polycondensation conditions. A first attempt to clarify the regularity degree of the polymers (amounts of head to tail and head to head addition) by 1H NMR spectroscopy was also made.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021830306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass transition temperatures of copolymers (ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol) terephthalates (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 3163-3168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of (ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol) terephthalates were prepared by melt polycondensation. The values of the glass transition temperatures of the copolyesters, determined by dilatometry are in fair agreement with those predicted by the Fox equation. It was also found that the conformational entropy can be used to correlate equilibrium flexibility and glass transition behaviour of the copolyesters.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021821122
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between proton-proton nmr coupling constants and substituent electronegativities. III. Conformational analysis of proline rings in solution using a generalized Karplus equation (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 20 (1981), S. 1211-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relationship between published vicinal proton-proton coupling constants and the pseudorotation properties of the pyrrolidine ring in L-proline, 4-hydroxy-L-proline, 4-fluoro-L-proline, and several linear and cyclic model proline peptides is investigated. Compared to earlier studies, several important improvements are incorporated: (1) a new empirical generalization of the classical Karplus equation is utilized, which allows a valid correction for the effects of electronegativity and orientation of substitutents on 3JHH; (2) an empirical correlation between proton-proton torsion angles and the pseudorotational parameters P and τm is derived; and (3) the best fit of the conformational parameters to the experimental coupling constants is obtained by means of a computerized iterative least-squares procedure. Two pseudorotation ranges were considered, classified as type N (χ2 positive sign) and type S (χ2 negative sign). The conformational equilibrium is fully described in terms of four geometrical parameters (PN, τN, PS, τS) and the equilibrium constant K. The present results indicate that, in general, the geometrical properties found in x-ray studies of proline and hydroxyproline residues are well preserved in solution. Several novel features are encountered, however. It is demonstrated that the proline ring occurs in a practically 1:1 conformational equilibrium between well-defined N- and S-type forms. Introduction of an amide group at the C-terminal end has no observable effect on this equilibrium, but the formation of a peptide bond at the imino nitrogen site results in a pronounced, but not exclusive, preference for an S-type form which is roughly 1.1 kcal/mol more stable than its N-type counterpart. The hydroxyproline ring system in neutral or acidic medium displays a pure N-type state, but N-acetylation results in the appearance of a minor (S-type) conformation. Cyclic proline dipeptides similarly exist in a biased conformational equilibrium. The major form (77-88%) corresponds to the N-type conformer observed in the solid state; the minor S-form has not been observed before. In contrast, cyclic hydroxyproline dipeptides display complete conformational purity. Ranges of endocyclic torsion angles deduced for the various classes of pyrrolidine derivatives in solution are presented. Each torsion appears confined to a surprisingly narrow range, comprising about 4°-8° in most cases. In all, the proline ring is far less “floppy” than hitherto assumed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1981.360200610
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction of NiO and α-Al2O3 studied by Rutherford backscattering (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 3 (1981), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The interfacial reaction of NiO and α-Al2O3 to NiAl2O4 is investigated by means of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) using 2.95 MeV He+ ions. The NiO is obtained by oxidation at 800°C of a nickel film vapour deposited on to alumina substrates. The reaction of NiO and Al2O3 does not proceed markedly at 800°C. At ∼ 1100°C, the reaction to stoichiometric NiAl2O4 is found to be followed by a slower process leading to a spinel of the non-stoichiometric composition NiAl2O4 · xAl2O3. At ∼ 1100°C, a marked volatilization of NiO is noted. At ∼ 1000°C the reaction also proceeds at a noticeable rate. However, at this temperature the diffusion process stops at the stoichiometric spinel composition. No volatilization of NiO is observed.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740030508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamides)-containing nitro groups (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 1531-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220632
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