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  • 1
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    Remote sensing for exploration - An overview (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of remote sensing in resource exploration is reviewed, with emphasis placed on new developments in high spectral resolution remote-sensing techniques for mineralogic and vegetation mapping. Topics discussed include aerial photography and satellite remote sensing, concepts and principles of spectral data collection, spectral properties of rocks and minerals, spectral properties of vegetation, and botanical aspects of geochemical stress. The discussion also covers applications of Landsat multispectral scanner data to lithologic and geobotanic studies and the future development of data acquisition and data interpretation techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Economic Geology and Society of Economic Geologists, Bulletin (ISSN 0361-0128); 78; 573-590
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Mineralogic information from a new airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The thermal IR multispectral scanner (TIMS) has been developed for airborne geologic surveys. The resststrahlen band between 8-11 microns is exhibited by interatomic stretching vibrations of Si and oxygen bound up in the crystal lattice of silicate rocks. The crystal structure of the component minerals influence the depth and position of the detected band. The TIMS has six channels, an 80 deg field of view, and a sensitivity sufficient to detect a noise equivalent change in spectral emissivity of 0.002-0.006. The six bands measured are 8.2-8.6, 8.6-9.0, 9.4-10.2, 10.2-11.2, and 11.2-12.2 microns, using HgCdTe detectors. The data are analyzed with respect to emissivity variations as a function of wavelength, using the component transformation technique called a decorrelation stretch, with spectral differences being displayed as different colors. Sample scenes from Death Valley and the Nevada Cuprite mining district are compared with visible and near-IR color composites of the same areas, revealing the superior distinctions that are available with the TIMS.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 222; Oct. 7
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Mineral identification from orbit - Initial results from the Shuttle multispectral infrared radiometer (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Shuttle multispectral IR radiometer (SMIRR) was designed to obtain surface reflectance data in ten spectral bands in order to evaluate the usefulness of a future imaging system for remote mineral identification. Attention was given to the 2.0-2.4 micron region, which has a wealth of spectral absorption features and appeared to have potential for the identification of CO3- and OH-bearing minerals such as the kaolinite and montmorillonite clays. SMIRR radiances were normalized by using a spectrum for dune sand collected in the Kharga Depression in Egypt. Direct identifications have been made of kaolinite-containing and carbonate material, indicating an exceptional potential for future orbital platform narrowband spectral imaging systems for mineralogical mapping.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Science; 218; Dec. 3
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  • 4
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    High spectral resolution remote sensing of the land (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spectral remote sensing has been practiced on a large scale since the launch of Landsat 1 in 1972. The limited information contained in this spectrally undersampled data set has led to the development of sophisticated statistical-inferential methods for data analysis. The results are usually limited by the availability of ground truth information. Recent technological developments have made it feasible to create narrow-band, contiguous, spectral image data sets that make possible the identification of surface cover materials based on the complete reflectance spectrum for each picture element. This capability will revolutionize the use of remote sensing data and require new deterministic image processing techniques to extract the full information content from the data. Sensors, based on the concept of imaging spectrometry and the new technology of area array infrared detectors, have been constructed and are candidates for Shuttle and space platform flights.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 5
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    Preliminary analysis of Shuttle multispectral radiometer data for southern Egypt (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR) is a spectroradiometer covering the region from 0.5 to 2.5 microns in 10 channels that acquired data from spots 100 m in diameter along the subspacecraft ground track. It was flown aboard the second flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia, November 12-14, 1981. Data collected during orbit 16 over southern Egypt show that carbonate rocks, kaolinite, and possibly montmorillonite can be identified by their SMIRR spectral signatures and limited knowledge of the lithologic units present. Detailed analysis of SMIRR data for this area indicates that calcite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite rocks give rise to absorption features that result in characteristic 10 channel spectra.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 6
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    Radiometric considerations in remote sensing systems (1982)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: All sensors systems designed to acquire quantitative data undergo radiometric calibration. The types and potential accuracies of calibration are discussed as well as the needs for calibration in the practical application of sensors. The recent and ongoing experience with the shuttle multispectral infrared radiometer is used as a reference.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Multispectral Imaging Science Working Group, Vol. 3; 4 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Spectroscopic remote sensing for geological applications (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Remote sensing is being used with increasing frequency in the development of geologic maps and in the exploration process. Spectral data from airborne and spaceborne multispectral scanners provide information on rock type and vegetation stress, important in geologic applications. Emphasis is now being placed on direct identification of materials rather than discrimination among geologic units. To do this, higher spectral resolution systems with wider spectral coverage than currently available are required. Imaging spectroscopy in the 0.4 - 14 microns region appears to be the answer.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: Imaging spectroscopy; February 10, 11, 1981; Los Angeles, CA
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  • 8
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    Geologic remote sensing (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Remote-sensing techniques based on the analysis of spectral reflectance, spectral emittance, thermal inertia, and radar measurements are reviewed. Specific applications of Landsat multispectral scanner are examined with emphasis on mineral exploration. The potential of satellite systems for detailed lithologic mapping is pointed out.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Science; 211; Feb. 20
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  • 9
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    A data base of geologic field spectra (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: It is noted that field samples measured in the laboratory do not always present an accurate picture of the ground surface sensed by airborne or spaceborne instruments because of the heterogeneous nature of most surfaces and because samples are disturbed and surface characteristics changed by collection and handling. The development of new remote sensing instruments relies on the analysis of surface materials in their natural state. The existence of thousands of Portable Field Reflectance Spectrometer (PFRS) spectra has necessitated a single, all-inclusive data base that permits greatly simplified searching and sorting procedures and facilitates further statistical analyses. The data base developed at JPL for cataloging geologic field spectra is discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; May 11, 1981 - May 15, 1981; Ann Arbor, MI
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  • 10
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    Imaging systems for the delineation of spectral properties of geologic materials in the visible and near-infrared (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The current status of imaging systems for the identification of the spectral properties of geologic minerals in the visible and near infrared ranges is reviewed. The technical characteristics of the most important instruments are given, including the MSS and TM, the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer, (AIS) the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), and the Shuttle Imaging Spectrometer Experiment (SISEX). It is pointed out that none of the current systems have sufficient spectral resolution to identify mineralogy on the basis of absorption characteristics in the visible, near-infrared or shortwave-infrared bands. The development of new systems with higher spectral resolution is discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Frontiers for geological remote sensing from space; Geosat Workshop; Jun 12, 1983 - Jun 17, 1983; Flagstaff, AZ
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