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1

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Large scale transposition by folding in northern Norway (1983)

Williams, P. F.

Springer

International journal of earth sciences 72 (1983), S. 589-604

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ISSN: 1437-3262

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A spectacular example of transposition, in the sense ofSander (1911), is described from a large (2–3 km2) area of continuous outcrop in northern Norway. Three generations of folds transpose an earlier layering into its persent orientation. It is shown that the volume problems associated with isoclinal folding are largely accommodated by disharmony of the folds. The large scale structure is considered and its relationship to regional structure is discussed.

Abstract: Résumé On décrit un exemple spectaculaire de la transposition, telle que définie parSander (1911), à partir d'un affleurement continu sur une grande superficie (2–3 km2) en Norvège septentrionale. Trois générations de plis transposent les couches originelles dans leur orientation actuelle. On démontre que les questions de volume liées au plissement isoclinal s'expliquent en grande partie par la disharmonie des plis. On étudie la structure à grande échelle et on décrit sa relation avec la structure régionale.

Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein spektakuläres Beispiel von Umfaltung (im SinneSanders, 1911) aus einem durchgehend aufgeschlossenem Gebiet ins nördliche Norwegen beschrieben. Eine ältere Schichtung wird durch drei Faltungsphasen in ihre heutige Position versetzt. Das mit der Isoklinalfaltung verbundene Raumproblem läßt sich zum großen Teil durch disharmonische Faltung erklären. Die Großstruktur und ihre Beziehungen zum regionalen Rahmen werden diskutiert.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01822083

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2

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Infrared photometry of the RS CVn binary HR 1099 (V711 Tau) (1980)

Antonopoulou, E. ; Williams, P. M.

Springer

Astrophysics and space science 67 (1980), S. 469-476

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ISSN: 1572-946X

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract Infrared observations inJ, H andK of the RS CVn-type binary HR 1099 (V711 Tau) show apparent light variations similar to those in the visible. The phase shift towards increasing phase is confirmed. There is no conspicuous infrared excess attributable to circumstellar emission. The amplitudes of the infrared variation are compatible with the spot model proposed for RS CVn and enable plausible limits on a characteristic spot temperature and effective spot area to the set.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00642399

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3

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Electrosynthesis in systems of two immiscible liquids and a phase transfer catalyst III. Characterisation of thin film contactor cells (1983)

Fleischmann, M. ; Tennakoon, C. L. K. ; Bampfield, H. A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 593-602

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ISSN: 1572-8838

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology

Notes: Abstract An electrochemical version of a thin film contactor, based on a vertical rotating disc electrode, is described and applied to a two-phase electrolysis, aromatic substitution using phase transfer catalysis to supply the nucleophile. A simple model is used to develop a theoretical description of the cell and the resulting equations have been tested using the acetoxylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene as the anode reaction.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617816

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4

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Abscisic acid and gibberellin-like substances in roots and root nodules ofGlycine max (1982)

Williams, P. M. ; Mallorca, Margarita Sicardi

Springer

Plant and soil 65 (1982), S. 19-26

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Gibberellin ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Roots ; Root nodules ; Soya

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The content of endogenous gibberellin (GA)-like substances of roots and root nodules of SOya, and GA production byRhizobium japonicum cultures, were investigated by a combined thin layer chromatographic (TLC)-dwarf pea epicotyl bioassay technique. GAs were more concentrated in root nodules than in the roots, totalling 1.34 and 0.16 nM GA3 equivalents g−1 dry wt. respectively. GA production byR. japonicum cultures was demonstrated (1.00 nM GA3 equivalentsl −1) and comparison of the GA components of plant and bacterial culture medium extracts, suggested that rhizobial GA production may contribute to the nodule GA content. Cis-trans abscisic acid (ABA) was identified in root and nodule extracts by TLC-gas liquid chromatography (GLC), and amounted to 0.18 and 2.21 nM g−1 dry wt. respectively, whereas 0.30 and 4.63 nM ABA equivalents g−1 dry wt. were detected by a TLC-wheat embryo bioassay technique. ABA was not detected in extracts of bacterial cultures.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02376799

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5

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Effect of osmotically induced leaf moisture stress on nodulation and nitrogenase activity ofGlycine max (1984)

Williams, P. M. ; Sicardi de Mallorca, Margarita

Springer

Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 267-283

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Gibberellin ; Polyethylene glycol ; Rhizobium ; Roots ; Nitrogenase ; Nodulation ; Soya ; Water stress

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The effect of 2-day cycles of osmotically induced leaf moisture stress followed by partial recovery on the nodulation and nitrogenase activity of 2 soya cultivars was studied. Fourteen days after plant inoculation (mid-growth stage) the total leaf electrochemical water potential (ψwleaf) of control plants ranged from −0.8 to −1.9 bars, whereas the concentrations of osmoticum (polyethylene glycol 4000) induced ψwleaf values ranging from −1.4 (recovery value) to −3.1 bars (low stress), −1.8 to −4.4 bars (mild stress), and −2.2 to −6.2 bars (medium stress). The low stress treatment reduced nodule numbers and their specific activity in both cultivars, without affecting nodule size or the time required for nodule initiation. Nodule initiation was delayed in both cultivars by the mild and medium stress treatments, the former treatment reducing the number and size of the nodules and such nodules exhibited very low specific activity. The medium stress treatment prevented the further development of nodule initials, which remained inactive throughout the experiment. Such results imply an effect of water stress on the infection process and on nodule morphogenesis. The reduction in nodule numbers observed in water stressed plants was not associated with a reduced number of rhizobia in the rhizoplane nor due to an effect on root growth or root hair formation. At a stage prior to the formation of macroscopic nodule initials, the roots of plants under medium stress (ψwleaf=−5.5 bar)s) had a higher content of abscisic acid (ABA) (4-fold increase) and a lower content of gibberellin (GA)-like substances (21.4% reduction) as compared to control plants (ψwleaf=−1.0 bar). Although the medium stress treatment slightly increased the stomatal resistance of leaves, photosynthetic and transpiration rates were unaffected. Similar alterations of the hormononal balance occurred in the nodulated roots of plants subjected to naturally induced leaf moisture stress. Since the foliar application of ABA (1.92×10−5 M) to unstressed plants inhibited nodulation (45% reduction in nodule numbers), the increased endogenous content of thishormone in the roots of plants under leaf moisture stress may provide some physiological insight into the inhibitory effect of water stress on the nodulation process.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02161183

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6

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The isolation of effective and ineffective mutants of cowpea rhizobium (1981)

Williams, P. M.

Springer

Plant and soil 60 (1981), S. 349-356

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Competition ; Cowpea ; Ineffective ; Mutagenesis ; Mutants ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium ; Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary A strain of cowpea Rhizobium was mutagenised and two ineffective mutants, M1 and M2, and an effective mutant, M3, were isolated. M1 produced more, but smaller nodules than the wild-type; these nodules lacked leghaemoglobin. M2 and the parental strain had similar nodulation characteristics, both forming large pink nodules. Plants inoculated with M3, nodulated earlier, produced more nodules (58%), had increased dry weights (26%) and the excised roots expressed greater acetylene (C2H2) reducing activity (39%) than plants inoculated with the wild-type. When competing with an indigenous population of effective rhizobia for nodule sites, M3 produced a higher proportion of the nodules (70–80%) than the parental strain (40–53%). M3 and the parental strain exhibited comparable rates of asymbiotic C2H2 reduction when grown on a defined medium, whereas M1 and M2 were inactive. The symbiotic properties of the mutants were unchanged after their reisolation following plant passage.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02149631

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7

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Effect of gibberellins and the growth retardant CCC on the nodulation of soya (1984)

Williams, P. M. ; Sicardi de Mallorca, Margarita

Springer

Plant and soil 77 (1984), S. 53-60

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: β-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride ; Gibberellins ; Nodulation ; Rhizobium japonicum ; Soya

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The effect of exogenous applications of gibberellins (GAs) or the growth retardant β-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCC) on root nodule formation and activity (C2H2-reduction) in soya was studied. Daily foliar application of GA3 (2.89×10−6 M) delayed the formation of nodule initials and reduced the numbers mass nodule−1 and specific activity of nodules by 43%, 31% and 47% respectively, without affecting plant growth. Similar effects on nodulation were produced by foliar application of GA4 (3.01×10−5 M) or GA7 (3.03×10−5 M), or by the addition of GA3 (2.89×10−6 M) to the rooting medium. GA effectiveness in reducing nodule numbers was decreased by delaying its application until after the initial infection process had occurred, but the nodules formed were smaller and less active than those of the untreated control plants. The GA effect on nodulation and nodule activity was not associated with alterations in root exudate or due to a direct inhibitory effect of the hormone on the nitrogenase system. When the endogenous root content of GA-like substances was reduced (86% decrease) by foliar application of CCC (6.30×10−5 M), nodule numbers were increased by 56%, but nodule size and total nodule activity were similar to those of control plants. The GA and CCC treatments had no effect on rhizobial growth in liquid culture nor on root colonisation by rhizobia. The results suggest that the endogenous content of root GA may have a regulatory role in both the infection process and in subsequent nodule morphogenesis, thus controlling both the number and effectiveness of the root nodules formed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182811

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