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  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1970-1974  (2)
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  • 1
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    Effect of parathyroidectomy on bone growth and composition in the young rat (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: In an effort to determine the influence of the parathyroids on bone growth and composition, 28-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed 28, 56, and 84 days after parathyroidectomy or sham parathyroidectomy. Body growth as well as femur growth were retarded following parathyroidectomy. Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia occurred in all parathyroidectomized rats; no alterations in plasma magnesium levels were noted. Femur magnesium was increased by 22-30% in the parathyroidectomized rats whereas femur calcium remained unchanged. Bone phosphorus was increased 56 and 84 days following parathyroidectomy. Results of this study indicate that parathyroidectomy retards growth while increasing bone magnesium and phosphorus content.
    Schlagwort(e): LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Materialart: Growth; 38; 1974
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Immersion diuresis without expected suppression of vasopressin (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: There is a shift of blood from the lower parts of the body to the thoracic circulation during bed rest, water immersion, and presumably during weightlessness. On earth, this central fluid shift is associated with a profound diuresis. However, the mechanism involved is not yet well understood. The present investigation is concerned with measurements regarding the plasma vasopressin, fluid, electrolyte, and plasma renin activity (PRA) responses in subjects with normal preimmersion plasma vasopressin (PVP) concentration. In the conducted experiments, PRA was suppressed significantly at 30 min of immersion and had declined by 74 percent by the end of the experiment. On the basis of previously obtained results, it appears that sodium excretion during immersion may be independent of aldosterone action. Experimental results indicate that PVP is not suppressed by water immersion in normally hydrated subjects and that other factors may be responsible for the diuresis.
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology (ISSN 0161-7567); 57; 123-128
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Inhibition of plasma vasopressin after drinking in dehydrated humans (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The effects of nonosmotic and nonvolumetric factors on vasopressin secretion in dehydrated humans has been investigated experimentally, before and after drinking. The subjects of the experiment were five adult men and three adult women weighing 69-77 kg. In order to determine the influence of nonosmotic and nonvolumetric factors on vasopressin secretion, measurements were obtained of the following blood hematological indices: serum Na(+) content; serum K(+) content; osmolality; and hemoglobin. Measurements of hematocrit, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), aldosterone, and renin activity were also obtained. It is found that dehydration increased mean serum Na(+) content, osmolality,and AVP. No significant changes were observed in renin activity, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or plasma volume, while plasma aldosterone increased from 11.1 ng/dl after dehydration to 15.6 ng/dl between 30 and 60 min after drinking. A rapid fall of AVP content following rehydration occurred in the absence of changes in the primary regulators of AVP osmolality and plasma volume, with no change in blood pressure. On the basis of the experimental results, it is suggested that oropharyngeal factors may be the mechanism, for the observed decrease in AVP following rehydration.
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Materialart: American Journal of Physiology (ISSN 0002-9513); 247; 968-971
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Role of cardiac volume receptors in the control of ADH release during acute simulated weightlessness in man (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Hemodynamic responses and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were measured during body position changes, designed to induce central blood volume shifts in ten cardiac and one heart-lung transplant recipients, to assess the contribution of cardiac volume receptors in the control of ADH release during the initial acute phase of exposure to weightlessness. Each subject underwent 15 min of a sitting-control period (C) followed by 30 min of 6 deg headdown tilt (T) and 30 min of resumed sitting (S). Venous blood samples and cardiac dimensions were taken at 0 and 15 min of C; 5, 15, and 30 min of T; and 5, 15, and 30 min of S. Blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit, plasma osmolality, plasma renin activity (PRA), and ADH. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded every two min. Plasma osmolality was not altered by posture changes. Mean left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased (P less than 0.05) from 90 ml in C to 106 ml in T and returned to 87 ml in S. Plasma ADH was reduced by 20 percent (P less than 0.05) with T, and returned to control levels with S. These responses were similar in six normal cardiac-innervated control subjects. These data may suggest that cardiac volume receptors are not the primary mechanism for the control of ADH release during acute central volume shifts in man.
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Materialart: Physiologist, Supplement (ISSN 0031-9376); 27; S-51
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Hemodilution, vasopressin suppression, and diuresis during water immersion in man (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The possible role of hemodilution in the early stages of water immersion in the suppression of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) and subsequent diuresis in man is investigated. Parameters characterizing hemodilution as well as water balance and intercompartmental fluid levels were measured before, during and after the immersion of ten subjects in a semireclining position in tap water up to their necks at 34.6 C for 8 hr. Results indicate that hemodilution and the suppression of vasopressin and plasma renin activity were present by the second hour of immersion, with the early hemodilution due to a slight increase in plasma volume with no change in plasma sodium or osmotic contents, even though urine volume and osmotic excretion rates increased significantly. Hyponatremia, hyposmotemia and plasma renin activity suppression are observed to continue to the end of immersion, resulting in final decreases of 15.6% in plasma volume, 18.8% in extracellular volume, 19.6% in interstitial volume and 10.7% in red cell volume. Findings suggest the transfer of hypotonic fluid into the vascular system, which contributes to vasopressin suppression observed during immersion.
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Bone growth and composition in weanling and mature rats exposed to chronic centrifugation (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The primary objective of the study is to determine the effect of continuous exposure to hypergravity on the development and composition of weight-bearing bone. The experimental results are seen to suggest that many, if not all, of the changes observed in bone growth and composition derive from the retarded growth rate of the centrifuged rats. Both centrifuged weanling and mature rats exhibit a significant reduction in femur length and mass. The changes in femur size are more apparent in the weanlings since they are exposed to hypergravity during their most rapid phase of skeletal development. In addition to a slower growth rate, the body mass of the mature and weanling animals is reduced even further by the depletion of body fat. The rapid loss of body fat observed in rats and mice during centrifugation, it is found, can produce a prompt and significant rise in relative femur mass after two weeks of exposure. After adaptation to centrifugation, however, relative femur mass is similar to that of controls at four and eight weeks. At 18 weeks, the centrifuged rats again exhibit an increase in relative femur mass. It is thought that this increase in relative femur mass may be generated by the difference in fat deposition between the 1-G controls and the high-G rats.
    Schlagwort(e): LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Materialart: p. S-53
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Fluid shifts and endocrine responses during chair rest and water immersion in man (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The effects of external water pressure on intercompartmental fluid volume shifts and endocrine responses in man are investigated. Extracellular fluid volumes and plasma and urine electrolyte and endocrine responses of four male subjects were measured during eight hours of head-out water immersion and 16 hours of recovery bed rest and compared to responses obtained during eight hours of chair rest and 16 hours of bed rest without external hydrostatic pressure obtained in the same subjects five months later. Immersion is found to result in a substantial diuresis with respect to chair rest, accounted for by decreases in extracellular volume. A negative water balance during immersion and a positive water balance during chair rest were observed to be accompanied by a shift of extracellular volume to the intracellular compartment, as well as the suppression of plasma arginine vasopressin and renin activities in both regimes. The vasopressin and renin activity decreases are attributed to the increased central blood volume, and half of the plasma loss in immersed subjects is attributed to the effects of external water pressure.
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory; vol. 48
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Effect of chronic intracerebroventricular angiotensin II infusion on vasopressin release in rats (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The effects of the chronic infusion of angiotensin II into the lateral cerebral ventricle on the release of arginine vasopressin in rats are investigated. Rats were subjected to a continuous infusion of angiotensin at a rate of 1 microgram/h for five days, during which they were offered water, isotonic saline or hypertonic saline ad libitum or 40 ml water/day, and fluid intake, changes in body weight, plasma sodium ion concentrations and plasma and pituitary arginine vasopressin levels were measured. Angiotensin II is found to increase the fluid intake of rats given isotonic saline and decrease plasma sodium ion levels with no changes in plasma or pituitary arginine vasopressin in those given water or isotonic saline. However, in rats given hypertonic saline, plasma sodium concentrations remained at control levels while plasma vasopressin increased, and in water-restricted rats the effects of angiotensin II were intermediate. Results thus demonstrate that angiotensin II-stimulated arginine vasopressin release is reduced under conditions in which plasma sodium ion concentration becomes dilute, compatible with a central role of angiotensin in the regulation of salt and water balance.
    Schlagwort(e): LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Materialart: Neuroendocrinology; 31; 1980
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    Exercise training-induced hypervolemia - Role of plasma albumin, renin, and vasopressin (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The purpose of the present study was twofold: (1) to determine the rate of induction and decay of exercise-training hypervolemia with a short-duration high-intensity training regimen; and (2) to assess the protein, osmotic, and endocrine responses that contribute to that mechanism. The test subjects were eight volunteer, healthy, trained college men (20-22 yr) engaged in isotonic exercise on a bicycle ergometer. Factors associated with plasma hypervolemia during training are identified. The results suggest that an efficient procedure for increasing plasma volume is the daily performance of high-intensity isotonic leg exercise for 2 h/day.
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Materialart: Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory Environmental and Exercise Physiology; 48; Apr. 198
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Effect of chronic crowding and cold on the pituitary-adrenal system: Responsiveness to an acute stimulus during chronic stress (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Schlagwort(e): AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Materialart: Life Sci. Publ., Vol. 1; 9 p
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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