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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase relations in the Fe-Ni-Cr-S system and the sulfidation of an austenitic stainless steel (1979)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 13 (1979), S. 25-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: thermochemical diagrams ; Fe-Cr-S system ; Fe-Ni-S system ; Ni-Cr-S system ; Fe-Ni-Cr-S system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The stability fields of various sulfide phases that form on Fe-Cr, Fe-Ni, Ni-Cr, and Fe-Cr-Ni alloys have been developed as a function of temperature and the partial pressure of sulfur. The calculated stability fields in the ternary A-B-S system are displayed on plots of log $${\text{p}}_{S_2 } $$ vs. the conjugate extensive variable (nA/nA−nB), which provides a better framework for following the sulfidation of Fe-Cr-Ni alloys at high temperatures. Experimental and estimated thermodynamic data were used in developing the sulfur potential diagrams. Current models and correlations were employed to estimate the unknown thermodynamic behavior of solid solutions of sulfides and to supplement the incomplete phase-diagram data of geophysical literature. These constructed stability field diagrams are in excellent agreement with the sulfide phases and compositions determined experimentally during the sulfidation of SAE 310 stainless steel. The sulfur potential plots appear to be very useful in predicting and correlating the sulfidation of commercial alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00715869
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-maze phototaxis ofDrosophila melanogaster and several mutants in the visual systems (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 116 (1977), S. 209-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary T-maze phototaxis ofDrosophila melanogaster and several of its mutants was investigated as function of the light illuminating the mazes. For visible light the response curves of thewildtype are quite complex and nonmonotonic functions of the light intensity. The data are interpreted as a result of an interaction between visual subsystems: the system which receives inputs from receptor cells R1-R6 is inhibited by the system of receptor cells R7 and R8, probably by R8 alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605403
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stresses in subducting lithosphere can explain double seismic zones (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 295 (1982), S. 587-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The best studied double seismic zone is that beneath Northeast Honshu, Japan (Fig. 1). Note that the double zone of seismicity occurs in a portion of the downgoing plate that appears to be straight. We sought to evaluate whether the thermal stresses that result from the warming of the plate as it ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/295587a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphur potential measurements with a two-phase sulphideoxide electrolyte (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 55-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The open circuit potentials of the galvanic cell,Pt (or Au)¦(Ar + H2S + H2)′∥CaS + ZrO2(CaO)∥ (Ar + H2S+ H2)″£t (or Au) has been measured in the temperature range 1000 to 1660 K and PH2S:PH 2 ratios from 1.73×10−5 to 2.65×10−1. The solid electrolyte consists of a dispersion of calcium sulphide in a matrix of calcia-stabilized zirconia. The surface of the electrolyte is coated with a thin layer of calcium sulphide to prevent the formation of water vapour by reaction of hydrogen sulphide with calcium oxide or zirconia present in the electrolyte. The use of a ‘point electrode’ with a catalytically active tip was necessary to obtain steady emfs. At low temperatures and high sulphur potentials the emfs agreed with the Nernst equation. Deviations were observed at high temperatures and low sulphur potentials, probably due to the onset of significant electronic conduction in the oxide matrix of the electrolyte. The values of oxygen and sulphur potentials at which the electronic conductivity is equal to ionic conductivity in the two-phase electrolyte have been evaluated from the emf response of the cell. The sulphide-oxide electrolyte is unsuitable for sulphur potential measurements in atmospheres with high oxygen potentials, where oxidation of calcium sulphide may be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615887
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition of β-alumina in an oxygen potential gradient (1983)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 13 (1983), S. 469-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Single phase sodiumβ-alumina solid electrolyte was found to undergo isothermal phase separation in electrochemical cells, where a large oxygen potential gradient was imposed across the electrolyte and electrodes, not reversible to sodium ions, were short circuited. The experimental conditions and evidence of decomposition are outlined and a thermodynamic explanation for the phenomenon is given. This finding may lead to new methods for making multi-layered ceramic materials involving ionic conductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00617521
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electronic structure of the alloying element and the stability of the gamma phase in iron alloys (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1975), S. 1090-1092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00823229
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase relationships in the system Ni-W-O and thermodynamic properties of NiWO4 (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1977), S. 1647-1652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The phase diagram of the Ni-W-O system at 1200 K was established by metallographic and X-ray identification of the phases present after equilibration at controlled oxygen potentials. The oxygen partial pressures over the samples were fixed by metered streams of CO+CO2 gas mixtures. There was only one ternary oxide, nickel tungstate (NiWO4), in the Ni-W-O system at a total pressure of 1 atm, and this compound decomposed to a mixture of Ni+WO2.72 on lowering the oxygen potential. The Gibbs' free energy of formation of NiWO4 was determined from the measurement of the e.m.f. of the solid oxide galvanic cell, Pt, Ni+NiWO4+WO2.72/CaO-ZrO2/Ni+NiO, Pt and thermodynamic properties of tungsten and nickel oxides available in the literature. For the reaction, NiO(s)+WO3(s)→NiWO4(s) ΔG°=−10500−0.708 T (±250) cal mol−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542815
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase relationships in the system Cr-W-O and thermodynamic properties of CrWO4 and Cr2WO6 (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 2167-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The phase diagram of the Cr-W-O system at 1000° C was established by metallographic and X-ray identification of the phases present after equilibration in evacuated silica capsules. Two ternary oxide phases, CrWO4 and Cr2WO6 were detected. The oxygen potential over the three-phase mixtures, W+Cr2O3 s+CrWO4, WO2.90+CrWO4+Cr2WO6 and Cr2O3+CrWO4+Cr2WO6, were measured by solid state cells incorporating Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 electrolyte and Ni+NiO reference electrode. The Gibbs' energies of formation of the two ternary phases can be represented by the following equations $$\begin{gathered} W(s) + \tfrac{1}{2} Cr_2 O_3 (s) + \tfrac{5}{4} O_2 (g) \to CrWO_4 (s) \hfill \\ \Delta G^0 = - 172 047 + 48.725T ( \pm 230) cal mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ Cr_2 O_3 (s) + WO_3 (s) \to Cr_2 WO_6 (s) \hfill \\ \Delta G^0 = - 3 835 + 0.235{\rm T} ( \pm 500) cal mol^{ - 1} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00552303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-exchange equilibria between (Mn, Co)O solid solution and (Mn, Co) Cr2O4 and (Mn, Co) Al2O4 spinel solid solutions at 1100° C (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1977), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The compositions of the (Mn,Co)O solid solution with rock salt structure in equilibrium with (Mn,Co)Cr2O4 and (Mn,Co)Al2O4 spinel solid solutions have been determined by X-ray diffraction measurements at 1100° C and an oxygen partial pressure of 10−10 atm. The ion exchange equilibria are quantitatively analysed, using values for activities in the (Mn,Co)O solid solution available in the literature, in order to obtain activities in the spinel solid solutions. The MnAl2O4-CoAl2O4 solid solution exhibits negative deviations from Raoult's law, consistent with the estimated cation disorder in the solid solution, while the MnCr2O4-CoCr2O4 solid solution shows slightly positive deviations. The difference in the Gibbs free energy of formation of the two pure chromites and aluminates derived from the results of this study are in good agreement with recent results obtained from solid oxide galvanic cells and gas-equilibrium techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540270
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation of aniline in water, urine and serum by isotopic dilution mass fragmentography (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 188-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aniline ; Dimethylthiophosphinyl derivatives ; Mass fragmentography ; Environmental analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method for trace analysis of aniline in water, urine and serum samples is presented. Internal standardisation with d5-aniline, extraction, derivatisation with dimethylthiophosphinic chloride, gas chromatographic separation on a glass capillary column and mass fragmentographic quantitation are essential steps of the analytical procedure. A detection limit of 20 pg/ml in water and 500 pg/ml in urine or serum is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258896
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