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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (45)
  • 1980-1984  (30)
  • 1975-1979  (15)
  • 1
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    Volcanic hotspots on Io - Stability and longitudinal distribution (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first results of a program to determine the longitudinal distribution of volcanic activity on Jupiter's satellite Io are presented. Infrared measurements at 8.7, 10, and 20 micrometers have been taken at a variety of orbital longitudes: strong variation in the 8.7- and 10-micrometer flux with longitude demonstrates that infrared emission arising from volcanic hotspots on Io is strongly concentrated in a few locations. Analysis of these data suggests that the active volcanic regions observed by the Voyager experimenters are still active, particularly the region around the feature known as Loki. Another source of flux, although of somewhat smaller magnitude, is indicated on the opposite hemisphere. If these sources are the only major volcanic centers on Io, then current global heat flow estimates must be revised downward. However, heat flow from as yet unobserved longitudes, hotspots at high latitudes, and conducted heat flow must still be measured.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 226; 134-137
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  • 2
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    Physical Properties of the Uranian Satellites (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: Recent work on the satellites of Uranus revealed many of their basic physical properties. Radiometric measurements showed that the Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon have diameters which range from 1630 to 1110 km and albedos which range from 0.30 to 0.18. Spectrophotometric observations of Miranda suggest that it may have the highest albedo of the known Uranian satellites and a diameter of about 500 km. Near-infrared measurements show that Ariel, Titania and Oberon have the largest known opposition surges. All five known satellites of Uranus have surfaces which are composed of water ice contaminated with small amounts of dark material. The dark material on the surfaces of Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon is spectrally bland and has spectral similarities to carbon black, charcoal, carbonaceous chondritic material and other dark, spectrally neutral materials. Recent density determinations suggest that there may be large density differences among Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon, with density increasing with distance from Uranus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: JPL Uranus and Neptune; p 437-461
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  • 3
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    Physics of the Jovian and Saturnian magnetospheres Highlights of a conference held at the Applied Physics Laboratory, the Johns Hopkins University, October 22-24, 1981 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Space Science Reviews (ISSN 0038-6308); 35; July 198
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  • 4
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    Observed departure of the Io plasma torus from rigid corotation with Jupiter (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A study of forbidden S II red doublet spectra indicates that the Io plasma torus at 5.9 Jupiter radii does not corotate rigidly with Jupiter. The lag is found to be 6 percent + or 4 percent, where the variability range, not the uncertainty, is indicated. Comparison with existing models indicates the lag may be due primarily to ion creation in the Io torus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 268; May 1
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  • 5
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    A deficiency of O III in the Io plasma torus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Evidence for a deficiency of O III ions in the Io plasma torus is reported and implications of this deficiency for the physical processes controlling the plasma are considered. Observations of the O III 5007-A as well as Cl III and S III emissions from the Io plasma torus were made by a ground-based echelle spectrograph and intensified Reticon detector in February and May, 1981. The O III observations allow an upper limit of 4/cu cm to be placed on torus O III abundance, which is inconsistent with expectations for a low density plasma controlled by electron collisions. The inclusion of ion-ion and ion-atom charge exchange reactions and a depleted high energy electron component in the model is found to suppress O III levels, however observed limiting values are only achieved if it is assumed that the O III is kinetically hot. In addition, the charge-exchange model developed is inconsistent with previous observations of the kinetics of the S II-S III system. The present observations also establish upper limits of 2 R on 5518-A and 5538-A Cl III emission, and an emission rate of 58 + or - 40 R for the S III 6312-A line in the hot torus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 264
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  • 6
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    The Uranian satellites - Surface compositions and opposition brightness surges (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present, 5 percent-resolution spectrophotometry for the Uranian satellites Ariel, Umbriel, Titania and Oberon cover the 1.43-2.57 wavelength region and confirm the presence of a spectrally dominant water ice component in their surfaces. The 1.5- and 2.0-micron water absorption band depths and continuum reflectance indicate significant differences among the surface compositional properties of the four satellites, and comparisons of the spectra with those of other solar system bodies and of laboratory water ice spectra imply the presence of a significant nonwater ice component on/in their surfaces. The nature of this nonwater ice component is suggested by the data to be similar to that of such substances as carbon black. Near-IR opposition brightness surges of Ariel, Titania and Oberon are found to be among the largest in the solar system.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; July 198
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  • 7
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    Spectrophotometric studies of the Io Torus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A toroidal volume near Io's orbit is made luminous by multiple optical and ultraviolet line emissions excited by resonant scattering of sunlight and by electron collisions. These emitting atoms and ions have been lost from Io. The spectrophotometric measurements of these emissions and their physical interpretation are considered. It is now known that the flow of material from Io dominates the particle and energy budgets of the Jovian magnetosphere. The observed emitting species in the Io torus are examined, and the atomic clouds are discussed, taking into account morphology and kinematics, atomic cloud supply rates, ion-atom collisions, and charge-exchange collisions. Observations and studies concerning the plasma torus are reported, giving attention to the forbidden lines, the extreme ultraviolet lines, and aspects of ion temperature and spatial distribution. Two types of radial transport in the Io torus include the ballistic motion of neutrals escaping from Io and the cross-L transport of ions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 8
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    The dark side of Iapetus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spectrophotometry of the Saturn satellite Iapetus in the 0.3-1.0 micron wavelength range shows the dark hemisphere to be very red, similar to a few asteroids and the earth's moon, but with no spectral features implying olivine or pyroxene. Near-IR spectrophotometry in the 1.4-2.5 and 3.0-3.8 micron ranges shows water ice absorption bands that may be due to the polar caps' intrusion into the dark hemisphere. Three hypotheses for the formation of the dark hemisphere are discussed in light of the observational data, and it is found most likely that debris from Phoebe or other unknown outer satellites of Saturn impacts the dark hemisphere of Iapetus as Poynting-Robertson drag causes the debris to spiral toward Saturn. The high velocity impacts preferentially remove ice from the satellite's surface, yielding the enrichment of included carbonaceous material intrinsic to Iapetus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 53; Jan. 198
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  • 9
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    The Jupiter hot plasma torus - Observed electron temperature and energy flows (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The detection of the optical emission /O I/ 6300 A (8 + or - 4 R) and /S III/ 6312 A (48 + or - 5 R) is reported. It is noted that these emissions are indicators of the ion source morphology and the plasma physical state and that the S III emitters have a kinetic temperature of approximately 10 to the 6th K. When combined with observations of UV lines from the same species, the optical measurements separately imply effective electron temperatures for radiative processes that are mutually consistent (approximately 50,000 K).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; vol. 244
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  • 10
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    Atomic clouds as distributed sources for the plasma torus (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Implications of recent developments for the neutral particle environment of Jupiter are considered. The first detection is reported of very hot S+ ions with gyrospeeds comparable to the corotations speed, a phenomenon which results from a neutral sulfur cloud. Evidence supports the hypothesis that extensive neutral clouds of oxygen and sulfur exist and are important sources of ions and energy for the Io torus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-163997
    Format: application/pdf
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