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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the folate-dependent mitochondrial oxidation of carbon 3 of serine (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 32 (1993), S. 4671-4676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00068a027
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on cellulase production by Clostridium thermocellum (1980)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1980), S. 189-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 (and its improved cellulase-producing mutant, AS-39) is an anaerobic thermophile that produces endo-β-glucanase and exo-β-glucanase when grown on cellobiose or cellulose as major carbon source (Shinmyo et al. 1979). The site of cellulase accumulation was at least 95% extracellular. Optimum conditions for endo-β-glucanase production in flasks included 1% (w/v) cellobiose, 0.2% (w/v) urea as a nitrogen source, 0.1 M morpholinopropane-sulfonic acid buffer, an initial pH of 7.4, and a yeast extract concentration of 0.6% (w/v). An improved medium (GS medium) was devised for future studies. Xylan was degraded by an extracellular enzyme (s) produced during cultivation on cellobiose, although C. thermocellum does not grow on xylan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00504485
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of gibberellins and phytochrome in the control of cowpea epicotyl elongation (1992)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Physiologia plantarum 86 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The physiological response of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) epicotyl explants to far-red light (FR) and its interaction with gibberellins (GAs) have been investigated. The effect of FR and GA1 varied with the age of the seedlings from which the explants were made: for FR, it decreased progressively with age (though the sensitivity of the epicotyls to FR did not change significantly until at least day 11), whereas it remained essentially constant for applied GA1 between days 5 and 9 after sowing. This indicates that the loss of response to FR may be due to a decrease in endogenous GA levels in the epicotyl. For a range of GA1 and GA20 (0.01–1 µg explant−1), both hormones were more active in FR than in R irradiated epicotyls, suggesting that phytochrome may affect GA sensitivity besides GA metabolism. The location of the epicotyl region most sensitive to FR (between 5 and 20 mm below the apex) was different from that to GAs (the upper 10 mm). Nevertheless, FR extended the region responsive to applied GAs, even in paclobutrazol-treated epicotyls where elongation was due entirely to exogenous GAs. This means that modulation of epicotyl elongation by phytochrome, that occurs in a zone different from though overlapping with the GA-sensitive subapical zone, is also mediated by GAs. Growth in the most FR-sensitive region of the epicotyl stimulated by FR or GA1 was due to cell elongation, and in the most GA-sensitive region to both cell division and elongation. The effect of FR and GA1 was negated by colchicine, indicating that microtubules may be involved in the response to both factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.860208.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns of total, in vivo labelled and in vitro translated polypeptides from orange flavedo during maturation and following ethylene treatment (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 85 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in the pattern of silver stained (SS), in vivo [35S]-methionine labelled (IL), and in vitro poly(A+)RNA translated (IT) polypeptides from the flavedo of orange fruits [Citrus sinensis (L). Osbeck cv. Washington Navel] picked at three stages of maturity (mature-green, turning and fully coloured) and treated with different doses of ethylene (0, 1 and 10 μl 1−1) were studied by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (using isoelectric focusing and nonequilibrium pH gradient as a first dimension). More than 500 SS, 300 IL, and 250 IT spots were detected in the gels. During maturation 32 SS, 2 IL and 2 IT spots decreased, whereas 2 SS, 3 IL and 2 IT spots increased. These results indicate that the maturation process is associated with a decrease of many accumulated flavedo proteins and with an increase of a reduced number of specific polypeptides, and that some of them may be regulated at the level of gene expression. All the spots which increased with maturity also increased with ethylene treatment, suggesting a role for this hormone in the maturation process. Ten IT spots which were not affected by maturity increased following ethylene treatment, while only 2 SS and 2 IL spots underwent this pattern of variation. Three spots recognized specifically by tobacco chitinase polyclonal antibodies remained essentially unaltered, whereas one spot whose intensity decreased significantly during maturation and ethylene treatment was identified as the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb04717.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression during two alternative pathways of ovary development in Pisum sativum: fruit development and ovary senescence (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 85 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pea ovaries are induced to enter a fruit development pathway involving physiological and morphological changes by pollination or application of plant growth regulators. In the absence of these stimuli, overies stop growing and enter an alternative pathway of senesecence that leads to their degeneration. We have used two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in search of molecular changes underlying fruit development and ovary senescence at the level of total accumulated proteins, newly synthesized proteins, and translatable, RNA populations. We have found changes in gene expression during the processes of ovary formation and ovary senescence. Stimuli that induce fruit set do not appreciably alter the overall patterns of synthesized proteins or translatable RNAs, indicating that fruit development is apparently a natural continuation of ovary formation. However, ovary senescence is an alternative pathway that involves the presence of new RNA messengers and proteins as well as the disappearance of others. These changes were detected earlier than any morphological or structural changes could be observed in the ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1992.tb05265.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of fertilized ovules and their role in the growth of the pea pod (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 83 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The histological development of fertilized ovules during fruit-set and development in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) has been investigated. Killing the ovules on day 0 (anthesis) or day 1 prevented fruit-set and resulted in ovary degeneration. When the ovules were destroyed at later stages the ovaries developed, though the rate of growth of the pod was reduced significantly. Pollination in pea occurs normally the day before anthesis, and fertilization of the egg cell 32 to 48 h later. The first divisions of the zygote and endosperm nuclei started simultaneously (ca 48 h after pollination) but the endosperm developed more rapidly than the embryo; the embryo sac cavity was lined with free endosperm nuclei at the time of beginning suspensor elongation. Extracts of endosperm and ovule coats from ovules at day 7 after anthesis showed fruit-set activity in pea, the latter material having about 3 times more activity than the former per ovule basis. These results indicate that fertilization of the ovule is necessary for fruit-set in pea, and that compounds which induce fruit-set are probably synthesized in the ovules following fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb00113.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the mechanism of the reaction between ketones and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. An improved and convenient method for the preparation of pyrimidines and condensed pyrimidines (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 57 (1992), S. 1627-1630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00031a062
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of tracheal sap from Citrus and analysis of its nitrogenous compounds (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 50 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tracheal sap was extracted from sections of stems (0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter and 7.5 to 15.0 cm in length) of orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Washington Navel) by using a combination of the vacuum and liquid displacement methods. The volume of sap obtained and its concentration of nitrogenous compounds were dependent on the volume of displacing liquid used for the extraction. Four ml of water-saturated 1-butanol extracted essentially all of the xylem fluid present in the stem sections without apparent production of artifacts.The time of sampling affected the nitrogen concentration of the tracheal sap, but not the content of xylem nitrogen per volume of stem material. The orientation of the stems in the tree and the diameter of the stems had an effect on their contents of xylem nitrogen, with southeastern orientation and thinner stems showing higher concentrations.We could not detect the presence of ammonium, nitrites or proteins in the tracheal sap of orange trees. Most of the nitrogen was present as amino acids and about 2% of the total in the form of nitrates. The qualitative composition of amino acids, as determined by TLC, was the same both in winter and spring tracheal sap. The main components of the sap were proline and arginine in winter, and these amino acids together with asparagine and aspartic acid in spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb04466.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of nitrogenous compounds in the xylem sap of Citrus (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 59 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Samples of tracheal sap of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Washington Navel were taken from field trees throughout the year and the nitrogen composition of the sap was determined. The nitrogenous fraction of the sap was composed mainly of free amino acids (92–97% of total nitrogen) and nitrates throughout the year. Proline was the most abundant amino acid during almost the entire cycle, and its concentration was especially high during the autumn and winter period. Nevertheless, a significant part (40–60%) of the total organic nitrogen was transported as arginine. Total nitrogen as well as amino acids and nitrates were maximal at spring flush. At spring flush and summer flush there was also a diversification of α-amino nitrogen among different amino acids. During the spring flush, nitrates, asparagine and γ-aminobutyric acid in the xylem sap seemed to have a radicular origin, whereas glutamic acid and arginine were released from the surrounding parenchyma. The results suggest a metabolic transformation in the wood parenchyma of nitrogenous compounds coming from the roots (including reduction of nitrates) and a turnover of different nitrogen metabolites between the xylem and surrounding cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb06298.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen accumulation and mobilization in Citrus leaves throughout the annual cycle (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 61 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The changes of protein and amino acid contents of young and old leaves from field citrus trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Washington Navel] were studied throughout the year. the total protein content of old leaves decreased during the spring and summer growths, whereas in young developing leaves it increased rapidly. The end of the spring and summer flushes was followed by a quick recovery of the initial protein content due to a process of reversible senescence. The evolution of SDS-PAGE proteinograms indicated that most of the foliar proteins contributed to the nitrogen mobilization during the spring and summer growth periods. A protein band of molecular weight ca 55,000, probably containing the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, decreased relatively more than the others. The amino acid content of the leaves increased during winter time due to the accumulation of proline, which was mobilized during the spring flush. The possible nitrogen storage function of proline is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1984.tb06351.x
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