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  • 1985-1989  (252)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scaling properties of branched polyesters (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 22 (1989), S. 1946-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00194a072
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate dynamics during decay of litter of Spartina alterniflora (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 92 (1986), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in absolute amounts of structural carbohydrates were followed over 23 mo (November 1979–September 1981) of decomposition of Spartina alterniflora litter in Great Sippewissett Marsh, Massachusetts, USA. Loss of structural carbohydrates was rapid during the first month, and temperature-dependent during the first year. In the second year, only 5 to 10% of the initial amounts of hemicelluloses and cellulose remained and little further loss occurred. Rates of decomposition were similar to each other and to that of the ash-free dry weight. Neither intraspecific differences in litter quality nor habitat differences within the salt marsh greatly altered the pattern of decomposition of structural carbohydrates among four types of litter of S. alterniflora. The persistence of structural carbohydrates after the first year of decay was apparently due to their close association with lignin. The proportion of lignin in the structural wall material (lignin +hemicelluloses+cellulose) increased throughout decay. Once the value of the ratio of lignin:structural wall material was greater than 0.3, little further loss of weight occurred. Concentrations of nitrogen were correlated with the proportion of lignin:structural wall material. This correlation presumably reflected the formation of refractory nitrogen-enriched complexes, and provided an indication of the increasing humification of the remaining material. The progressive lignification and humification of litter may play an important role in the storage and metabolism of organic carbon in salt marsh-estuarine ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392845
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The perception of moving comets at high retinal illuminance levels: A rod-cone interaction effect (1986)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 55 (1986), S. 145-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A small circular target of high retinal illuminance level can have a comet-like appearance when presented moving continuously with a speed as low as 0.2 deg/s. This perceived lengthening of the circular target increases with the speed of movement and is only observed for target presentations outside the foveal region. Data on the parametric properties of the “comet effect” are presented together with related results on the time-course of recovery of retinal sensitivity following brief exposure to intense stimuli. Measurement of target spectral irradiance levels which are just sufficient to yield the comet effect suggests that the lengthening of the circular target reflects a rodcone interaction and therefore it may be due to unsuppressed, saturated rod responses at high retinal illuminance levels. The restriction of the comet effect to areas outside the foveal region is used to produce spatial maps of what appears to be the rod-free area of the retina. A model simulation by means of a computational approach shows that the predicted appearance of the moving target matches very closely the experimental observations on the comet effect. Model predictions based on psychophysical estimates of comet length for the stimulus conditions of these experiments yield an overall response time for the rod system of some 600 ms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341930
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nisoldipine: Kinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with liver cirrhosis after intravenous and oral administration (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics ; blood pressure ; heart rate ; calcium entry blocker ; concentration-effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and effects on blood pressure and heart rate of nisoldipine were studied in 8 patients with cirrhosis and in 8 age-matched healthy controls. On separate occasions each subject received nisoldipine by i.v. infusion (0.37 mg in 40 min) and as a tablet (5 mg for patients and 20 mg for control subjects). After i.v. nisoldipine, the elimination half-life was 9.7 h in control subjects and 16.6 h in the cirrhotics. The volume of distribution was 4.1 l/kg and 6.4 l/kg and the total systemic clearance was 847 ml/min and 494 ml/min, respectively. On oral nisoldipine, systemic availability was fourfold higher in patients with cirrhosis: 14.7% versus 3.7%. After i.v. administration of nisoldipine there was a brief decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both groups, whereas the heart rate increased. After 4 h a second effect peak appeared in the control subjects. After oral nisoldipine similar effect-time profiles were found, but effects lasted longer than after i.v. administration. Comparison of the maximal total plasma concentration of nisoldipine and the maximal effect in the two groups revealed that sensitivity to nisoldipine was not different in patients with cirrhosis. A reduction in the dose of nisoldipine is recommended when cirrhotics require oral nisoldipine in therapeutic practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542441
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of nisoldipine on renal function in the long-term treatment of hypertension in patients with and without renal impairment (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nisoldipine ; hypertension ; renal function/-impairment ; calcium antagonist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of nisoldipine on renal function after 6 weeks treatment was investigated in hypertensive patients with and without renal impairment. Nisoldipine was well tolerated and an effective antihypertensive agent when administered over a period of 6 weeks. There were no significant changes in glomerular filtration, cardiac output, plasma renin activity or serum biochemistry during nisoldipine administration. Effective renal plasma flow was unaffected by treatment in the patients with normal renal function, but in the patients with renal insufficiency, the value decreased by a mean of 12%. Nisoldipine had no major untoward effects on renal function after 6 weeks administration, but minor changes in renal haemodynamics in the patients with renal insufficiency would suggest that careful monitoring of renal function is indicated in such patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dosage regimen of cimetidine reviewed. Possible drug accumulation after multiple oral doses (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 539-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cimetidine ; dosage regimen ; multiple oral doses ; accumulation ; pharmacokinetics ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The doses of cimetidine recommended differ in children, especially those with cystic fibrosis. These dosage regimens were derived from single-dose pharmacokinetic studies of the drug. Some authors showed, however, that after administration of repeated oral doses of cimetidine in healthy adults and children with cystic fibrosis, the elimination half-life of the drug was markedly prolonged. In view of the ability of cimetidine to inhibit metabolism of other drugs, it is suggested that the parent compound and/or its metabolite(s) may inhibit its own metabolism during a prolonged course of treatment. Enterohepatic recirculation of the drug and/or its metabolite(s) may also contribute to prolongation of its elimination. One should therefore be cautious in using single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters to calculate repeated dose regimens and expected plasma steady-state concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric inhibitory effects of CM57755 (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: CM57755 ; histamin H2-receptor antagonist ; gastric acid secretion ; pepsin secretion ; healthy volunteer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gastric inhibitory effects of CM57755, a new histamine H2 receptor antagonist, have been compared in ten healthy male volunteers with the actions of an equal dose of cimetidine and with placebo. The inhibitory effect of CM57755 was virtually identical with, and not significantly different from the effects of cimetidine on nocturnal gastric secretion of acid, while neither drug influenced the secretion of pepsin. Neither drug, administered in the evening, influenced the intragastric pH and acidity during the following day, from breakfast onwards. The therapeutic impact of the new drug is likely to resemble that of cimetidine and clinical application will depend on the safety profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00614192
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic forces between noble gas atoms, alkali ions, and halogen ions for surface interactions (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 929-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The components of the physical forces between noble gas atoms, alkali ions, and halogen ions are analyzed and a data base developed from analysis of the two-body potential data, the alkali–halide molecular data, and the noble gas crystal and salt crystal data. A satisfactory global fit to this molecular and crystal data is then reproduced by the model to within several percent. Surface potentials are evaluated for noble gas atoms on noble gas surfaces and salt crystal surfaces with surface tension neglected. Within this context, the noble gas surface potentials on noble gas and salt crystals are considered to be accurate to within several percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455161
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design of the TFTR rf probe array (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1890-1890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new diagnostic, composed of an array of high-frequency magnetic probes, has been installed in TFTR for the study of waves driven by the ICRF heating antennas and waves generated spontaneously during ohmic and beam-heated discharges. The former is of interest because of the possibility of surface wave generation by the heating antennas, and the latter because emission spectra may be useful as a beam ion or fusion product diagnostic. The array consists of seven fixed probes positioned at various toroidal and poloidal locations in order to obtain information about the corresponding wavenumbers in the edge region. Each probe consists of two orthogonal loops oriented to measure Bφ and Bθ. The array utilizes single-turn loops with areas of 12 cm2 and carefully selected signal processing elements to achieve a usable bandwidth of 1–500 MHz. Reduction of electrostatic pickup is accomplished by differentially combining signals from both ends of a loop using a wideband hybrid junction and by using an alumina shield to reduce capacitive coupling. The system permits simultaneous observation of both the magnetic and electrostatic components of the probe signal, allowing verification of the rejection ratio in a particular experiment. Details of the diagnostic design and experimental plans are discussed. This work was supported by U. S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140045
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization and fabrication of grating beamsplitters in silicon nitride (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 1492-1494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report for the first time the generation of optimized space-invariant fan-out elements, so-called Dammann gratings [H. Dammann and K. Görtler, Opt. Commun. 3, 312 (1971)] in plasma silicon nitride. Diffraction efficiencies as high as 65% have been achieved. Using simulated annealing and the greedy algorithm, grating structures with fan-out as large as 201×201 can readily be calculated. Low absorption and high optical quality together with its ease of structuring make silicon nitride an ideal medium for the construction of phase-only optical elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101331
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