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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 12 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rat CT antigens are a system of medial histocompatibility antigens linked to RT1, the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC). They have aroused interest firstly because, despite their extreme serological weakness, they are targets for ‘unrestricted’ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL); and secondly because they have appeared to represent a complex genetic system in terms both of the number of genetic loci involved and the number of distinguishable antigenic specificities expressed. The CT system was originally defined by the reactions of LEW anti-F344 (RT1l anti-RT1lvl) secondary in vitro CTL. These CTL reacted strongly on DA(RT1avl) targets, but much more weakly on AUG or PVG (RT1c) targets. We have used the recently derived RT1 recombinant rat strains PVG.R19 (RT1.AavlIavlCc) and PVG.R20 (RT1.AcIcCavl) to investigate the genetic control of this system. Contrary to previous interpretations, the results are consistent with a model in which CT is a single locus, which maps to the RTI.C region. In addition, our results demonstrate that there is cross-reactivity of anti-RT1C CTLs on RT1A products, and we suggest that the earlier placement of a CT locus in the RT1.A region was probably incorrect and a consequence of this cross-reactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 334 (1988), S. 695-697 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Doppler satellite tracking methods were used to obtain ice velocities during the Ross Ice Shelf Geophysical and Glaciologi cal Survey (RIGGS) between 1972 and 1974, and then again during the current Siple Coast Program (SCP) begun in 1983. Both programs collected data on a 100-km section of ice ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 62-65 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Simple fluid ; viscoelasticity ; extensional flow ; pure shear ; simple shear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Similarities between simple shear and pure shear or planar extension are exploited to derive equations relating stress in pure shear at constant extension rate to the stress in simple shear at constant shear rate. For the class of materials considered it follows that there are only two independent material functions required to describe simple shear. The relationships derived may also be used to estimate the ratio of first to second normal-stress differences in simple shear using experimental results from pure shear experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 25 (1986), S. 66-68 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Constitutive relation ; viscoelasticity ; polymer ; network model ; shear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The failure of the Phan-Thien non-linear network viscoelastic model to predict realistic stress-strain relationships under certain conditions is illustrated in two examples. Care in the application of the model when applied in situations where high shear rates are expected is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Description: Resistive force exerted by the Crary Ice Rise on its ice-shelf/ice-stream environment and back-pressure force transmitted across the grounding lines of Ice Streams A and B are calculated from airborne radio echo-sounding data and measurements of surface strain-rates. Resistance generated by the ice rise ranges in magnitude between 45 and 51% of the back-pressure force on the ice streams (depending on the flow law). The mechanical-energy budget of the ice rise is computed by considering work done against frictional forces at the perimeter of the ice rise and gravitational potential energy fluxes associated with changing mass distribution in the ice/ocean system. Energy dissipated by flow surrounding the ice rise is balanced by potential energy released within Ice Streams A and B, and accounts for between 15 and 49% of the work done by the ice streams against ice-shelf back pressure at their grounding lines. Mass balance of the ice rise, and the discharge of Ice Streams A and B, are calculated from surface-velocity and snow-accumulation measurements. The ice rise and its immediate environment gain mass by advection and snowfall at a rate equivalent to an area-averaged thickening rate of 0.44 ± 0.06 m/year. This mass gain may be balanced by regional basal melting (which we do not measure), or could contribute to ice-rise expansion through regional thickening and ice-shelf grounding. Approximately 1/4 to 1/2 of the excess volume discharged by Ice Streams A and B above snow accumulation in their catchment areas is deposited in the vicinity of the ice rise (or melted from the bottom of the ice shelf). This suggests that the ice rise may have formed as a consequence of recent ice-stream acceleration, and that its continued growth may eventually reverse this trend of ice-stream discharge.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1987-01-01
    Description: Resistive force exerted by the Crary Ice Rise on its ice-shelf/ice-stream environment and back-pressure force transmitted across the grounding lines of Ice Streams A and B are calculated from airborne radio echo-sounding data and measurements of surface strain-rates. Resistance generated by the ice rise ranges in magnitude between 45 and 51% of the back-pressure force on the ice streams (depending on the flow law). The mechanical-energy budget of the ice rise is computed by considering work done against frictional forces at the perimeter of the ice rise and gravitational potential energy fluxes associated with changing mass distribution in the ice/ocean system. Energy dissipated by flow surrounding the ice rise is balanced by potential energy released within Ice Streams A and B, and accounts for between 15 and 49% of the work done by the ice streams against ice-shelf back pressure at their grounding lines. Mass balance of the ice rise, and the discharge of Ice Streams A and B, are calculated from surface-velocity and snow-accumulation measurements. The ice rise and its immediate environment gain mass by advection and snowfall at a rate equivalent to an area-averaged thickening rate of 0.44 ± 0.06 m/year. This mass gain may be balanced by regional basal melting (which we do not measure), or could contribute to ice-rise expansion through regional thickening and ice-shelf grounding. Approximately 1/4 to 1/2 of the excess volume discharged by Ice Streams A and B above snow accumulation in their catchment areas is deposited in the vicinity of the ice rise (or melted from the bottom of the ice shelf). This suggests that the ice rise may have formed as a consequence of recent ice-stream acceleration, and that its continued growth may eventually reverse this trend of ice-stream discharge.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1430
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5652
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1988-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1988-01-01
    Description: Detailed measurements of surface topography, ice motion, snow accumulation, and ice thickness were made in January 1974 and again in December 1984, along an 8 km stake network extending from the ice sheet, across the grounding line, and on to floating ice shelf in the mouth of slow-moving Ice Stream C, which flows into the eastern side of Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. During the 11 years between surveys, the grounding line retreated by approximately 300 m. This was caused by net thinning of the ice shelf, which we believe to be a response to the comparatively recent, major decrease in ice discharge from Ice Stream C. Farther inland, snow accumulation is not balanced by ice discharge, and the ice stream is growing progressively thicker. There is evidence that the adjacent Ice Stream B has slowed significantly over the last decade, and this may be an early indication that this fast-moving ice stream is about to enter a period of stagnation similar to that of Ice Stream C. Indeed, these large ice streams flowing from West Antarctica into Ross Ice Shelf may oscillate between periods of relative stagnation and major activity. During active periods, large areas of ice shelf thicken and run aground on seabed to form extensive “ice plains” in the mouth of the ice stream. Ultimately, these become too large to be pushed seaward by the ice stream, which then slows down and enters a period of stagnation. During this period, the grounding line of the ice plain retreats, as we observe today in the mouth of Ice Stream C, because nearby ice shelf, no longer compressed by ice-stream motion, progressively thins. At the same time, water within the deformable till beneath the ice starts to freeze on to the base of the ice stream, and snow accumulation progressively increases the ice thickness. A new phase of activity would be initiated when the increasing gravity potential of the ice stream exceeds the total resistance of the shrinking ice plain and the thinning layer of deformable till at the bed. This could occur rapidly if the effects of the shrinking ice plain outweigh those of the thinning (and therefore stiffening) till. Otherwise, the till layer would finally become completely frozen, and the ice stream would have to thicken sufficiently to initiate significant heating by internal deformation, followed by basal melting and finally saturation of an adequate thickness of till; this could take some thousands of years.
    Print ISSN: 0260-3055
    Electronic ISSN: 1727-5644
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
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