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  • 1985-1989  (19)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3698-3705 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation, breakup, and temporal compression of strong solitons in a lumped circuit (dispersive) nonlinear LC-transmission line is treated. The strong lumped circuit solitons are characterized by the condition that almost all the signal charges may instantaneously appear on a simple circuit stage and travel much faster than the linear circuit signal speed. Under these conditions, the usual nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries theory of lumped nonlinear transmission lines does not apply. Properties of the soliton structure are derived; in particular, the rate at which energy is radiated for nonuniform parameters (i.e., temporal compression) is calculated and compared with numerical simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 28 (1985), S. 2824-2837 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Dissipative trapped particle modes are studied in tandem mirrors by including electron collisions and ion Landau damping. A variational approach is used to obtain a collisional response in terms of the collisionless result plus a collisional term. The collisional term is then self-consistently solved in all collision frequency regimes. When ν/ω(very-much-less-than)1 (ν≡electron collision frequency) and the dissipationless mode is stable through a positive (negative) charge uncovering mechanism, there are two stable waves with phase velocities in the ion (electron) diamagnetic direction. The higher frequency wave with ω∼ω@B|i(ω*e) is destabilized by ion (electron) dissipation while the lower frequency wave is destabilized by electron (ion) dissipation. At high collision frequency (ν〉ω@B|e), the only unstable trapped particle wave has ω∼ω*e, with electron collisions being destabilizing.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 826-839 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of a Migma disk is reexamined to determine the threshold to the interchange instability. It is shown that a previous calculation [Z. Naturforsch. Teil A 42, 1208 (1987)], which assumes a rigid mode eigenfunction, is inaccurate at the predicted particle number for marginal stability. As a result the integral equation for the system must be solved. A variational method of solution is developed and is shown to give good agreement with a direct numerical solution. The threshold for instability is found to be sensitive to the details of the distribution function. For highly focused systems, where all ions pass close to the axis, the threshold particle number (Nu1) for instability is substantially below that predicted by rigid mode theory (Nrigid) (by a factor ∼8ε2, where ε=r1/rL, r1 is the spread in the distance of closest approach to the axis, and rL the ion Larmor radius). At a higher density, a second band of stability appears that again destabilizes at yet a higher particle number (Nu2). If ε(very-much-less-than)1, Nu2 is substantially below the rigid mode prediction, while for 0.2〈ε〈0.3, Nu2 is comparable to the rigid mode prediction. At moderate values of ε (ε≈0.3–0.4) the second stability band disappears and the instability particle number threshold varies from the rigid stability threshold by a factor of 0.4ε, when ε=0.4, to 0.7ε when ε is about unity. The stability criteria would be consistent with the observed particle storage number obtained in experimental configurations if the spread in ε is sufficiently large.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 2750-2758 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper the effect of finite pressure on the ballooning instability in toroidal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equilibria of steep boundary stellarators and tokamaks is examined. Ballooning modes tend to arise near the place where the local shear vanishes and the normal curvature (the curvature component perpendicular to the flux surface, pointing away from the magnetic axis) is negative. It is shown how the pressure gradient determines the position of the shearless points, and demonstrated in detail how this effect explains the existence of second stability in tokamaks. For large aspect ratio circular cross-section tokamaks the second stability condition is found to scale as α=const S1.25. Stellarators are inherently more stable because of the negative vacuum shear, which at moderate pressure gradients allows the zero shear point to localize on the inner side of the flux surface. However, at high pressure gradients the Pfirsch–Schlüter current produces a positive mean shear when the total toroidal current on a flux surface is zero. This causes the zero shear point to localize on the outer edge near the vertical extremes of the flux surface. This effect, together with helical contributions to the helical curvature, allows for ballooning instability to arise. At higher pressure gradients, with zero net toroidal current, an unstable ballooning mode which localizes to within a helical period always arises where the normal curvature is unfavorable.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A unified theory of ion-pressure-gradient-driven drift wave instabilities and transport is presented, which ties the long-wavelength trapped-ion mode to the moderate-wavelength hydrodynamic mode in toroidal geometry. An analytic dispersion relation that retains ion drift resonances, and keeps the leading-order contribution from finite Larmor radius effects and parallel compressibility, is derived. Results indicate that the slab and toroidal branches of these instabilities are of comparable importance, and are both strong candidates to explain the observed anomalous ion loss in toroidal fusion devices. However, it is concluded that in the limit of flat-density profiles characteristic of H-mode discharges, the stabilizing influence of perpendicular compressibility is insufficient to corroborate an improvement, if any, in ion confinement quality. Mixing-length expressions for the fluctuation amplitudes and both electron and ion transport coefficients are derived. Results also indicate that the heretofore experimentally observed favorable current scaling of the energy confinement time may saturate in low ion-collisionality discharges. Finally, it is shown that a population of energetic trapped particles, such as those that may be produced during radio frequency or perpendicular neutral beam heating, can significantly exacerbate the instability. Several suggestions for experiments are made to help in differentiating among various anomalous transport scenarios.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 2636-2647 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effective diffusion coefficient D* of a passive component, such as test particles, dye, temperature, magnetic flux, etc., is derived for motion in periodic two-dimensional incompressible convective flow with characteristic velocity v and size d in the presence of an intrinsic local diffusivity D. Asymptotic solutions for effective diffusivity D*(P) in the large P limit, with P∼ vd/D, is shown to be of the form D*=cDP1/2 with c being a coefficient that is determined analytically. The constant c depends on the geometry of the convective cell and on an average of the flow speed along the separatrix. The asymptotic method of evaluation applies to both free boundary and rough boundary flow patterns and it is shown that the method can be extended to more complicated patterns such as the flows generated by rotating cylinders, as in the problem considered by Nadim, Cox, and Brenner [J. Fluid Mech. 164, 185 (1986)]. The diffusivity D* is readily calculated for small P, but the evaluation for arbitrary P requires numerical methods. Monte Carlo particle simulation codes are used to evaluate D* at arbitrary P, and thereby describe the transition for D* between the large and small P limits.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2347-2350 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: From the direct interaction approximation (DIA) equations for strong turbulence it is shown that low-frequency fluctuations constituting two-dimensional strong turbulence in a magnetized plasma scatter off each other to develop a finite spread in wave vectors along the magnetic field and are thereby Landau-damped. A transport equation in (k⊥,k(parallel)) space is developed that determines the wave spectrum under these conditions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3083-3092 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A nonlinear system of equations is derived for drift waves in a high-beta plasma (β(very-much-greater-than)1). The magnetic field pressure is taken small compared to the particle pressure. Pressure balance is established by having a uniform particle pressure with the density and temperature gradients in opposite directions. The primary purpose of the magnetic field is to inhibit radial heat flux. This is the principle of such plasma fusion systems as the wall sustained multiple mirror, compressed liner, and magnetic-insulated inertial fusion, where the heat is contained over a relatively short radial scale length and a long axial scale length. The nonlinear equations for the mathematical model contain drift instabilities that give rise to radial heat and particle fluxes that can enhance the losses expected from classical collisional effects. The linear and nonlinear evolution of the model is studied here.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2580-2587 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By means of the two-fluid energy principle, the kink stability boundary of a field-reversed ion layer of arbitrary thickness immersed in a dense low-temperature background plasma is investigated theoretically. This system is found to have a stability window against kinks. The dependence of the kink stability regime on the equilibrium properties of the system is also shown. In the thin layer limit, a comparison is made between the previous theories and the present theory.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1989-07-31
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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