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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradyrhizobium japonicum mutants defective in root-nodule bacteroid development and nitrogen fixation (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 355-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; Electron microscopy ; Mutants ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Soybean ; Symbiosis ; Transposon Tn5
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genome of the slow-growing Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 110) was mutagenized with transposon Tn5. A total of 1623 kanamycin/streptomycin resistant derivatives were screened in soybean infection tests for nodulation (Nod) and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Fix). In this report we describe 14 strains possessing a stable, reproducible Nod+Fix- phenotype. These strains were also grown under microaerobic culture conditions to test them for free-living nitrogen fixation activity (Nif). In addition to strains having reduced Fix and Nif activities, there were also strains that had reduced symbiotic Fix activity but were Nif+ ex planta. Analysis of the genomic structure revealed that the majority of the strains had a single Tn5 insertion without any further apparent physical alteration. A few strains had additional insertions (by Tn5 or IS50), or a deletion, or had cointegrated part of the vector used for Tn5 mutagenesis. One of the insertions was found in a known nif gene (nifD) whereas all other mutations seem to affect different, hitherto unknown genes or operons. Several mutant strains had an altered nodulation phenotype, inducing numerous, small, widely distributed nodules. Light and electron microscopy revealed that most of these mutants were defective in different stages of bacteroid development and/or bacteroid persistence. The protein patterns of the mutants were inspected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis after labelling microaerobic cultures with l-(35S)methionine. Of particular interest were mutants lacking a group of proteins the synthesis of which was known to be under oxygen control. Such strains can be regarded as potential regulatory mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409885
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple ionization of benzene clusters by ultraviolet radiation (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 4242-4251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Efficient multiple ionization of large benzene clusters has been observed following irradiation of a supersonic cluster beam by ArF-laser pulses at low fluences. The mechanism of multiple ionization is shown to be distinct from that believed to predominate in electron impact or synchrotron ionization experiments. The fluence dependence is instead interpreted by considering independent ionization of molecules within the cluster. The efficiency of multiple ionization over a range of laser fluence can be predicted quantitatively using a recently proposed exciton annihilation model, and explains the 106 enhancement of the double ionization rate over the molecular value. The critical sizes N*(z) for stability of a z-charged drop with respect to Coulomb fission are N*(2)=23, N*(3)=52, and N*(4)=92 and can be accounted for by liquid drop models. However, the fission of doubly charged clusters could not be detected in dynamical mass spectrometry experiments on the 10−6 to 10−4 s time scale. The surprising critical aspect of the fission rate is discussed, and arguments are made in favor of the Gay–Berne dynamical mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453832
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic flux motion and its influence on transport properties of the high Tc oxide superconductors (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 663-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High Tc superconductors exhibit significant flux motion due to a thermally activated creep process. The motion of the fluxoids dissipates energy. This dissipation causes a broadening of the resistive transition below Tc in a magnetic field as well as a logarithmic decay of the diamagnetic shielding moment in time. From the detailed structure of the broadened transition, empirical parameters are derived. The pinning strength is highly anisotropic, reflecting the anisotropy of the coherence length. Implications of an extraordinarily low activation energy are also addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101465
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elementary photoprocesses in benzene clusters (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 91 (1987), S. 1786-1789 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100291a021
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are clusters of nonpolar molecules icosahedral? (1987)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 91 (1987), S. 3131-3133 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100296a006
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rubbery phase and absorbed water on impact-modified nylon 66 (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) response of impact-modified nylon was investigated as a function of rubbery second phase content and absorbed water level. Particular attention was given to the influence of these material variables on the amount of hysteretic heating as measured With an infrared microscope. FCP resistance was raised when heating was localized near the crack tip, but lowered by more generalized specimen heating. Variations in FCP behaviour were found to depend strongly on changes in the dynamic storage and loss moduli resulting from hysteretic heating, with the heating-induced modulus changes being more important than the absolute temperature increase of the sample. The combination of rubbery phase end absorbed water produced greater specimen heating and, in general, produced poorer FCP resistance than with the presence of either factor ahne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01144695
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rubbery phase and absorbed water on impact-modified nylon 66 (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fracture surface micromorphology of noon 66 and its blends was examined. A patchy appearance, found at low ΔK values when levels of imbibed moisture and impact modifier are low, is believed to result from a void coalescence mechanism. At higher water contents and levels of impact-modification, the fracture surface assumes a rumpled appearance with numerous secondary fissures oriented normal to the crack direction; the inter-rumple spacings, however, do not correspond to the macroscopic growth rate, A model to explain rumple formation is presented. The fatigue fracture surface appearance of unmodified nylon 66 is found to depend on both moisture content and test temperature. Trans-spherulitic fracture is found when the test temperature is below the glass transition temperatureT g (measured at 110 Hz) for a given water content, while at higher test temperatures a high degree of drawing is evident. It is concluded that the fracture surface micromorphology of nylon 66 and its blends depend strongly on the viscoelastic state of the polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01144696
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of somatic hybrids in plant protoplast fusions with monoclonal antibodies to plasma-membrane antigens (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 170 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Heterokaryon ; Monoclonal antibody ; Nicotiana (somatic hybridization) ; Plasma membrane ; Protoplast fusion ; Somatic hybridization (selection tool)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Monoclonal antibodies generated by immunization with a plasma-membrane preparation from suspension-cultured cells of Nicotiana glutinosa L. were used in combination with fluoresceinor rhodamine-labeled goat anti-mouse immunoglobulins to identify heterokaryons in protoplast fusion procedures. Antibody labeling did not inhibit callus formation nor plantlet regeneration. The antibodies are non-invasive and surface labeling provides clear optical discrimination of true heterokaryons from unfused aggregates as well as from parental protoplasts and homokaryons. Labeling is stable throughout fusion and hence by pre-labeling parental protoplast populations the strategy is both versatile and of general applicability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392380
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to protoplast membranes of Nicotiana tabacum identified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 171 (1987), S. 453-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell surface ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ; Glycoprotein ; Monoclonal antibody ; Nicotiana (plasma membrane) ; Plasma membrane ; Protoplast surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Murine monoclonal antibodies to protoplast membrne antigens were generated using mouse myelomas and spleen cells from mice immunized with Nicotiana tabacum L. leaf protoplasts. For selecting antibody-secreting clones, a sensitive and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monoclonal antibody binding to immobilized cellular membrane preparations or immobilized protoplasts was developed. With intact protoplasts as immobilized antigen, the ELISA is selective for antibodies that bind to plasma-membrane epitopes present on the external surface of protoplasts. Using the membrane ELISA, a total of 24 hybridoma lines were identified that secreted antibodies to plant membrane epitopes. The protoplast ELISA and subsequent immunofluorescence studies identified four hybridoma lines as secreting antibodies which bound to the external surface of protoplasts and cells. The corresponding antigens were not species- or tissue-specific, were periodatesensitive, and were located in membranes which equilibrated broadly throughout a linear sucrose gradient. When protein blots of electrophoretically separated membrane proteins were probed with these antibodies, a band of Mr 14 kilodaltons (kDa) and a smear of bands of Mr 45–120 kDa were labeled. An additional set of three antibodies appeared by immunofluorescence to bind to the plasma membrane of broken but not intact protoplasts and labeled membranes equilibrating at a density of approx. 1.12 kg·l-1 in a linear sucrose density gradient. These classes of monoclonal antibodies enlarge the library of monoclonal antibodies (Norman et al. 1986, Planta 167, 452–459) available for the study of plant plasma-membrane structure and function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392292
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IS-like repeated sequences clustered around the NIF region of theRhizobium japonicum genome (1986)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 104-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01975995
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