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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunolocalization of avenin and globulin storage proteins in developing endosperm of Avena sativa L. (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 178 (1989), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Avena (seed storage proteins) ; Avenin ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Globulin ; Protein body ; Storage protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The seed storage proteins of oats (Avena sativa L.) are synthesized and assembled into vacuolar protein bodies in developing endosperm tissue. We used double-label immunolocalization to study the distribution of these proteins within protein bodies of the starchy endosperm. When sections of developing oat endosperm sampled 8 d after anthesis were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, the vacuolar protein bodies consisted of light-staining regions which were usually surrounded by a darker-staining matrix. Immunogold staining of this tissue demonstrated a distinct segregation of proteins within protein bodies; globulins were localized in the dark-staining regions and prolamines were localized in the light-staining regions. We observed two additional components of vacuolar protein bodies: a membranous component which was often appressed to the outside of the globulin, and a granular, dark-staining region which resembled tightly clustered ribosomes. Neither antibody immunostained the membranous component, but the granular region was lightly labelled with the anti-globulin antibody. Anti-globulin immunostaining was also observed adjacent to cell walls and appeared to be associated with plasmodesmata. Immunostaining for both antigens was also observed within the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Based on the immunostaining patterns, the prolamine proteins appeared to aggregate within the rough endoplasmic reticulum while most of the globulin appeared to aggregate in the vacuole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391859
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific transcription of a 15-kilodalton zene gene in HeLa cell extracts (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 7 (1986), S. 71-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A maize genomic clone containing a 15 kilodalton zein gene was used as a template in an in vitro transcription system for HeLa cells. A runoff assay indicated transcription was initiating 5′ to the map position of the open reading frame for the protein. Fine-structure mapping of RNAs synthesized in vitro showed two transcription start sites separated by 24 bases. One start site is 27 bases downstream of a consensus TATA sequence; the other is 30 bases downstream of a TATG sequences. The initiation sites for RNA synthesized in vitro map to the same region of the genomic clone as zein RNA isolated from developing maize kernels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020133
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding oat 12S globulin mRNAs (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 6 (1986), S. 161-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A cDNA library was made from poly(A+) RNA isolated from developing oat seeds, and oat globulin cDNA clones were identified by hybridization with synthetic oligonucleotides. Globulin clones were characterized by restriction enzyme mapping and cross-hybridization analysis. Based on these comparisons, four classes of globulin clones were distinguished. These clones hybridized to multiple DNA fragments in restriction enzyme digests of oat genomic DNA, indicating that the genes exist in a multigene family. The nucleotide sequence of one of the globulin cDNA clones was determined. The amino acid sequence derived from the DNA sequence verified its identity as an oat globulin and confirmed that the protein is synthesized as a precursor similar to legume 11S storage globulins. The basic polypeptide encoded at the 3′ end of the mRNA was found to be homologous to the basic polypeptides of other 11S seed globulins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021485
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of maize zein genes in transformed sunflower cells (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 202 (1986), S. 374-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Crown gall tumors ; Zein ; Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; Gene expression ; Transgenic plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Genes encoding maize seed storage proteins of 19 and 15 kd have been inserted at various sites in the T-DNA of the Ti plasmid pTiA6, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harboring these plasmids were used to incite tumors on sunflower stem sections. Some of the resulting tumors were found to contain mRNAs transcribed from the zein genes. The transcripts from both zein genes initiated and terminated at precisely the same sites in both maize endosperm and sunflower tumors. The steady state level of zein mRNAs in tumors varied from undetectable to approximately 1% of the level in maize endosperm. This variation between tumors in zein mRNA levels did not correlate with either zein gene copy number of the level of octopine synthase mRNA. However, in six tumor lines containing a zein gene inserted at the same site in TR, the level of zein mRNA was directly proportional to the level of a TR encoded mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333265
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and transcriptional analysis of DNA sequences flanking genes that encode 19 kilodalton zeins (1987)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 90-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Zein ; Genomic sequence ; Gene family ; Gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of gz19ab11, a clone that corresponds to the coding and flanking sequences of an Mr 19000 alpha zein, was determined. Comparison of the DNA sequences flanking this gene with those of other members of the gene subfamily showed that sequence conservation extends 820 nucleotides into the 5′ flanking region and 130 nucleotides into the 3′ flanking region. Southern blot analysis of maize DNA indicated that highly repetitive sequences are located within 950 bp 5′ and 300 bp 3′ to the protein coding region of these genes. The coding region of gz19ab11 is similar to but not identical with cDNA clones corresponding to Mr 19000 zeins, and analysis of zein transcripts indicated that this gene is expressed exclusively in endosperm tissue. RNAs which correspond to transcripts originating 60 nucleotides, and more than 800 nucleotides, upstream of the initiation codon were detected for this and a related gene. However, the concentration of the large RNA species was several orders of magnitude less than that of the shorter RNAs. The functional significance of these large RNA transcripts in zein gene expression is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331495
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deletion of DNA sequences flanking an Mr 19 000 zein gene reduces its transcriptional activity in heterologous plant tissues (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 211 (1988), S. 202-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Zein ; Transcriptional regulation ; Electroporation ; Enhancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Analysis of a series of clones containing deletions in the 5′ noncoding sequence of a gene encoding an Mr 19 000 zein allowed identification of a region required for maximal transcription. Transcriptional activity was assayed in two heterologous plant systems. In one system, the Ti plasmid was used to introduce the modified zein genes into the sunflower genome. In the other system, electroporation was used to transform carrot protoplasts with plasmids containing the zein genes. For the electrophoration experiments, the 5′ noncoding sequences from the zein clones were linked to the protein coding sequence of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. The results showed that an upstream sequence, delimited by nucleotides-337 and-125 with respect to the mRNA cap site, is required for maximal transcription of the gene. In contrast, very low levels of transcription were directed by constructs that contained 125 bp of 5′ noncoding sequence that included the CAAT and TATA boxes, suggesting that the additional sequences (-337 to-125) further 5′ exert a quantitative effect on transcription. Examination of the additional 5′ sequences showed five regions that share homology with the SV40 enhancer core sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330595
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural elements regulating zein gene expression (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 10 (1989), S. 108-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zeins are a group of alcohol-soluble proteins that are synthesized in the endosperm of developing maize seeds. These proteins are encoded by a large number of genes located on several chromosomes; based upon the number of mutants that have been isolated, zein gene regulation is complex. Comparisons of gene flanking regions reveal conserved sequences that may be important for their regulation. Studies of transformed plant tissues support the assertion that cis-acting elements with the 5′ flanking regions of zein genes are required for accurate transcription. Although the genes are transcribed in transgenic tobacco and petunia plants, they are not properly regulated. This appears to be due to transcriptional effects rather than protein or mRNA instability.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950100404
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  • 8
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    Immunolocalization of avenin and globulin storage proteins in developing endosperm of Avena sativa L. (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-0935
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-2048
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Synthetic oligonucleotide tails inhibitin vitroandin vivotranslation of SP6 transcripts of maize zein cDNA clones (1986)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Structural elements regulating zein gene expression (1989)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0265-9247
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-1878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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