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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple monochromator based on x-ray multilayer mirrors : International conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (SRI−88) (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2003-2005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple two-mirror monochromator based on multilayer films has been developed as a part of a reflectometer under construction at the University of Wisconsin Synchrotron Radiation Center. Measurements of the performance of this monochromator and the characterization of a typical component mirror have been made. At AlKα the monochromator has a peak transmission of 9%, which is 55% of the theoretical value. Its resolution, λ/Δλ, is 35.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140860
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MAXIMUM: Status of the scanning photoelectron microscope (abstract) : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2249-2249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The construction of the MAXIMUM scanning photoelectron microscope has been recently funded. A preliminary description has already been reported.1 We will present the final construction layout of the system, with particular attention dedicated to the optical components. Briefly, the system is based on a variable line spaced grating monochromator used to filter the radiation emitted by a 30 poles undulator installed at Aladdin. The radiation is then refocussed on a pinhole that is suitably demagnified by a Schwartzschild objective to a spot of less than 0.1 μm. The sample is located at the focus and mechanically rastered. The photoelectrons are energy analyzed by a commercial cylindrical mirror analyzer. The main characteristics of the system will be (1) high flux, (2) independent energy and spatial resolution, and (3) independent photon and electron energy resolution. All the components are fully decoupled thus allowing maximum flexibility. Detailed ray-tracing and flux estimates based on our new undulator modelling codes2 will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140782
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid lattice expansion and increased x-ray reflectivity of a multilayer structure due to pulsed laser heating (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 1873-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spacing of layers in a sputtered, multilayer structure was rapidly and permanently increased by heating with a nanosecond laser pulse. During laser heating, the Bragg angle decreased and the peak reflectivity increased for diffraction of soft x-ray radiation at 4.4 nm. Measurements were made using a time and space resolving x-ray streak camera detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98496
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental status of several Shubenacadie River headwater lakes, Nova Scotia, Canada (1987)
    Springer
    GeoJournal 14 (1987), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Abstract The Shubenacadie River basin is the largest watershed in Nova Scotia, Canada, encompassing an area of approximately 2,800 km2 and supporting one of the most rapidly expanding populations in Atlantic Canada. A comprehensive study was carried out to assess the effect of recent development in the basin on the headwater lakes. Information on the environmental status of the lakes can be further used in the development of a management framework for the basin with respect to water quality and quantity objectives. Water and sediment quality were investigated in four of the Shubenacadie River headwater lakes. In addition, trophic status of the lakes was assessed by using dissolved phosphorus and oxygen concentrations. The surface area and mean depth of the lakes ranged from 0.83 to 1.13 km2 and 4.3 to 6.6 m, respectively. Three of the studied lakes were thermally stratified during the summer. The concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased significantly in the hypolimnion during the stratification period, although the lakes were generally classified as oligotrophic. The water quality is typical for lakes of the area. The pH of the water ranged between 6.1 and 7.3 during the study period. Major ions were chloride, sodium, and sulphate. A significant increase of As, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Ni and Co was found in surface sediments in all four lakes. However, the concentration of these elements in lake water was lower than recommended guidelines for aquatic life and human consumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acidification of Nova Scotia Lakes (1987)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 32 (1987), S. 77-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Although water chemistry of precipitation and lakes in Nova Scotia is dominated by C1 from sea salt, correction for marine influence reveals that the dominant anion in acidified lakes is SO4. Atmospheric deposition of non-marine SO4 (SO4) and NO3- for the period 1977–1980 at 4 stations in southwest Nova Scotia averaged 47 meq SO4 * m−2 yr−1 and 21 meq NI3-m−2 yr−1 compared with 38 and 13 meq, respectively, for the average of 3 stations in the northeastern third of the province. Precipitation pH increased from 4.5 to 4.8 along the same axis. Almost 50% of the SO4 deposition occurred when storms came from the southwest, indicating low pressure tracks which pass south of major Canadian sources of S. SO4 * deposition in metropolitan Halifax (1982 bulk data) was 87 meq m−2 yr−1, due to local emissions of ca. 28 300 tonne S in the area, as well as LRTAP. Concurrent deposition of NO3-N was 15 meq m−2 yr−1 (2.1 kg ha−1 yr −1). Loadings from SO4 deposition in the Halifax area amount to 42 kg ha−1 yr−1 and clearly exceed the federal guideline (M.O.I., 1983) of 20 kg ha−1 yr−1. Water chemistry of southwest, northeast, and Halifax area lakes show the same general SOI trends as observed for atmospheric deposition. In addition we find a positive relationship between SOI concentrations in the urban lakes and proximity to the center of the urban area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227685
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Precipitation chemistry in Nova Scotia: 1978–1987 (1989)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 46 (1989), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract More than 1400 precipitation samples were collected weekly from 5 sites in Nova Scotia between 1978 and 1987. High concentrations of H+, non-marine SO inf4 sup= (*SO4) and NO inf3 sup- were observed in 1978 and 1986. In 1983, concentrations of all three parameters were the lowest in the data record. Fluctuations in emissions for SO2 are insufficient to account for the variability observed in concentration and deposition values. Mean annual concentrations in 1983 were 13, 16, and 6 ueq L-1 for H+, *SO4, and NO inf3 sup- , respectively. In 1986 the values were 35, 28, and 13 ueq L-1. Concentrations in 1978 were 31, 38, and 16 ueq L-1. Average pH of precipitation was 4.61 during the 10 yr study. The two most acidic years were 1979 (4.47) and 1986 (4.46). In 1983, the average pH was 4.89. The ratio (equivalents) of NO inf3 sup- to *SO4 was 0.41, so most acidity in the precipitation results from H2SO4 However, multiple regression analysis revealed that H+ is more sensitive to changes in NO3-concentrations than *SO4. Ratios of summer (JJA) vs winter (JFM) average concentrations were examined. During summer months, *SO4 and H+ were 1.8 times winter values. Summer to winter ratios for NO inf3 sup- and NH inf4 sup+ were 1.4 and 2.5, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192842
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish species distribution and water chemistry in Nova Scotia lakes (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 30 (1986), S. 489-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract During the summers of 1981-1984, 19,714 fish (23 species) were netted in 234 Nova Scotian lakes. Surface and mid-depth water samples were also analyzed for major ions, metals, and DOC. Lakewater pH varied from 4.4 to 7.7, including eight lakes which produced no fish in standard 23-hr net sets. Fish data were partitioned into 6 pH groupings for analysis. Stepwise multiple regressions of fish species vs. H+, S04,A1, Fe, and Mn showed little predictive power. Productive lakes ranged up to 530 μg L−1 Al, 1680 pg L−1 Fe, and 836 μg L−1 Mn. Apart from pH, fish distribution and abundance showed no significant relationships with water chemistry data. We note, however, that the more acidic lakes had fewer species of fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305217
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contemporary chemistry of Nova Scotian lakes (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 30 (1986), S. 991-999 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water samples were collected from 234 Nova Scotian lakes during the summers of 1981–1984. Samples from near-surface and mid-depth were composited to yield a single descriptive analysis for each lake. Median pH for the lakes was 5.37 (arithmetic mean 5.7), and ranged from 4.4 to 7.7. Conductivities 〈133 μS cm−1 were found for 96% of the lakes with higher values for lakes influenced by road salt, proximity to the sea, or geology. The most dilute lake (19.8 μS cm−1) was approximately the salinity of rain water. Sodium, the most abundant cation (216 μeq L−1) was 2.5x more concentrated than Ca. Among anions, Cl (228 μeq L−1) exceeded SO4 by 2.7 times. Alkalinity averaged 48 μeq L−1, and 16% of the lakes (n = 37) had no measurable alkalinity at a detection limit of 2 μeq L−1. Non-marine fractions of ions were calculated from the ratio of Cl to SO4 in standard seawater, and ranged from 9.8% for Na to 1001 for eight other ions. As with Na, Mg is strongly influenced by sea spray, while K is apparently influenced almost equally by marine and terrestrial sources. Sulfate and Ca are both strongly influenced by terrestrial sources. Color in the study lakes was as high as 300 T.C.U., and the implicit role of organic anion (ca. 50 ueq L−1) in the ion sum is reviewed. Interactions between selected ion pairs are reviewed to examine the role of non-marine ions (e.g. SO* 4, Ca*, K*) in lake chemistry. Results for Al, Fe, Mn, and alkalinity are also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303362
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of elastic-plastic ball indentation to measure strength of high-strength steels (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 26 (1986), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ball-indentation experiment ware performed with A723 steel of 100- to 1200-MPa ultimate strength. Results are compared with conventional tension tests and with an elastic-plastic finite-element model of the ball indentation. Finite-element analysis shows the ball-indentation process to be insensitive to friction effects. Comparison of indentation and conventional tests shows that slip-line field analysis closely predicts the ball contact stress. The indentation tests gave an accurate measure of ultimate tensile strength because of the following test procedures: using a large ball size and a fixed ratio of indentation depth to ball size; accounting for directional material properties; accounting for extraneous system deflections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02320154
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wide range stress-intensity-factor expression for an edge-cracked round bar bend specimen (1989)
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 29 (1989), S. 166-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An edge-cracked round bar was analyzed for use as a fracture-mechanics test specimen. Shallow and deep crack limit solutions were developed and combined with experimental and numerical results to obtain aK expression which applies for all crack depths. Specimen and loading geometries were suggested for standardized fracturemechanics tests using a round bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02321370
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