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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature fabrication of silicon nitride films by ArF excimer laser irradiation (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 73.60 ; 77.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The low-temperature fabrication of silicon nitride films by ArF excimer laser irradiation has been studied. Two fabrication methods are presented. One is photo-enhanced direct nitridation of a silicon surface with NH3 for very thin gate insulators, and the other is photo-enhanced deposition of silicon nitride films with Si2H6 and NH3 gases for stable passivation films. The ArF excimer laser irradiation dissociates the NH3 gas producing NH and NH2 radicals which proved effective in instigating the nitridation reaction. The quality of both films has been much improved and the growth temperature has been lowered by using laser irradiation. These photo-enhanced processes seem to be promising ULSI techniques because they do not depend on high temperatures and are free from possible reactor contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01141590
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    14 GHz single-mode picosecond optical pulse train generation in Zn-doped distributed-feedback lasers (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 208-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To generate ultrashort pulse train at a high repetition rate, Zn was doped to the active region of distributed-feedback lasers. Increase in the differential gain and reduction of the carrier lifetime have been confirmed. The 3 dB bandwidth was increased to 16 GHz. The 14 ps single longitudinal mode optical pulse train at a repetition rate of 14 GHz was generated by gain-switched operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101010
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-optical properties of Bi-substituted epitaxial rare-earth iron garnet thick films (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3256-3258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Films of (Yb,Tb,Bi)3Fe5O12 show excellent characteristics of the Faraday rotator at the wavelength of 1.3 μm; the rotation is −1800 deg/cm, insertion loss 0.3 dB, isolation 38 dB, and the temperature dependence of the Faraday rotation is 0.060 deg/K at room temperature. The films are grown epitaxially on the (Gd,Ca)3(Ga,Mg,Zr)5O12 substrates, from the melt in the flux PbO/B2O3/Bi2O3. The melt contains rare-earth ions (R=Y,Gd,Er,Dy,Tm,Yb,Lu) as c-site components of rare-earth iron garnets, and Fe and Ga+Al as a- and d-site components. The obtained film thickness is in the range 300–400 μm without appreciable defects on the substrate, with a 2-in. diameter. This technology will lead to the efficient production of the optical isolator used in optical systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338873
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-efficiency InGaAsP/InP flat-surface buried heterostructure distributed feedback lasers at 1.55 μm (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 2153-2154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new buried heterostructure has been developed. High-efficiency (29%), high-power (37-mW) operation has been achieved with InGaAsP/InP distributed feedback lasers emitting at 1.55 μm by using the novel buried heterostructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339516
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the coupling coefficient of a distributed feedback laser with residual facet reflectivity (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 1526-1527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that the stop-band width of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser with both facets having antireflective coatings is affected by residual facet reflectivity. In the weakly coupled case the stop-band width of a DFB laser with residual facets having a power reflectivity of about 1.0% is narrower than that with no reflective facets. When the residual power reflectivity of the facets is less than 0.01%, the stop-band width is the same as that with no reflective facets. It is therefore essential to consider the effect of reflective facets to evaluate correctly the coupling coefficient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339618
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of stress relaxation on polarization of InGaAsP buried heterostructure lasers by a repetitive temperature change (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 1725-1727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes the effect of stress relaxation on the polarization of InGaAsP buried heterostructure lasers by means of a repetitive temperature change. We examine the change in the polarization ratio, TE mode power to TM mode power, under the repetitive temperature change. We find that the polarization ratio increases significantly for some lasers. This may be attributable to the relaxation of an external stress caused by bonding of the laser chip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338069
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Galanin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are colocalised with classical pituitary hormones and show plasticity of expression (1989)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1989), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The identity of galanin- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-(VIP) immunoreactive (IR) cells in the rat anterior pituitary was investigated using immunocytochemistry and, since levels of both peptides are stimulated by oestrogen, the effect of oestrogen treatment and gonadectomy on the expression of both peptides was examined. In normal male rats, few galanin-IR and very few VIP-IR cells were found. Colocalisation studies performed on 2-μm serial paraffin sections revealed that in these animals galanin IR was present in somatotrophs and thyrotrophs. In normal females in dioestrus many lactotrophs, in addition to somatotrophs and thyrotrophs, expressed galanin, but very few VIP-IR cells were seen. In cryostat sections of normal rat pituitaries, slightly more VIP-IR cells were present. Oestrogen treatment in females produced an increase in frequency of galanin-IR cells, the vast majority of which were lactotrophs, and more VIP-IR cells, identified as lactotrophs, also appeared. VIP was present in a subset of galanin-IR lactotrophs after oestrogen treatment. After ovariectomy female pituitaries resembled those of normal males, with few galanin positive cells none of which were lactotrophs, and hardly any VIP-IR cells. Thus these two peptides are present in specific endocrine cell types of rat anterior pituitary and display plasticity of expression in different cell types under the influence of oestrogen. Their roles in control of pituitary hormone secretion are supported by these findings, and it is possible that both peptides act in a paracrine fashion within the pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315973
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature fabrication of silicon nitride films by ArF excimer laser irradiation (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 46 (1988), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 73.60 ; 77.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The low-temperature fabrication of silicon nitride films by ArF excimer laser irradiation has been studied. Two fabrication methods are presented. One is photoenhanced direct nitridation of a silicon surface with NH3 for very thin gate insulators, and the other is photo-enhanced deposition of silicon nitride films with Si2H6 and NH3 gases for stable passivation films. The ArF excimer laser irradiation dissociates the NH3 gas producing NH and NH2 radicals which proved effective in instigating the nitridation reaction. The quality of both films has been much improved and the growth temperature has been lowered by using laser irradiation. These photo-enhanced processes seem to be promising ULSI techniques because they do not depend on high temperatures and are free from possible reactor contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210344
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compression fatigue behavior of notched graphite/epoxy laminates (1985)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 27 (1985), S. R51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040393
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cytoskeletal involvement in cellularization of theDrosophila melanogaster embryo (1989)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 150 (1989), S. 83-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster embryo ; Cellularization ; Cleavage furrow ; Ultrastructure ; Cytoskeleton ; Mitosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The distribution and arrangement of cytoskeletal components in the early embryo ofDrosophila melanogaster were examined by thin-section electron microscopy to elucidate their involvement in the formation of the cellular blastoderm, a process called cellularization. During the final nuclear division in the cortex of the syncytial blastoderm bundles of astral microtubules were closely associated with the surface plasma membrane along the midline where a new gutter was initiated. Thus the new gutter together with the pre-formed ones compartmentalized the embryo surface to reflect underlying individual daughter nuclei. Subsequently such gutters became deeper by further invagination of the plasma membrane between adjacent nuclei to form so-called cleavage furrows. Nuclei simultaneously elongated in the direction perpendicular to the embryo surface and numerous microtubules from the centrosomes ran longitudinally between the nucleus and the cleavage furrow. Microtubules often appeared to be in close association with the nuclear envelope and the cleavage furrow membrane. The plasma membrane at the advancing tip of the furrow was always undercoated with an electron-dense layer, which could be shown to be mainly composed of 5–6 nm microfilaments. These microfilaments were decorated with H-meromyosin to be identified as actin filaments. As cleavage proceeded, each nucleus with its perikaryon became demarcated by the furrow membrane, which then extended laterally to constrict the cytoplasmic connection between each newly forming cell and the central yolk region. The cytoplasmic strand thus formed possessed a prominent circular bundle of microfilaments which were also decorated with H-meromyosin and bidirectionally arranged, similar in structure to the contractile ring in cytokinesis. These observations strongly suggest that both microtubules and actin filaments play a crucial role in cellularization ofDrosophila embryos.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403663
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