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  • 1
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    D. C. Steinmetz, "Luther and Staupitz. An Essay in the Intellectual Origins of the Protestant Reformation" (Book Review) (1986)
    Saskatoon : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Canadian journal of history/Annales canadiennes d'histoire. 21:3 (1986:Dec.) 417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0008-4107
    Topics: History , Economics
    Notes: Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:b059-1986-021-03-000014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automated fuel element scanning system (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 125 (1988), S. 317-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes an automated fuel element scanning system, based upon gamma-ray spectroscopy, that has been developed at the Oak Ridge Research Reactor. The scanning system is located in the reactor pool and allows fuel elements to be scanned nondestructively at various intervals during their core life. Fuel elements are located 430 cm beneath the pool. Gamma-ray measurements (aided by a collimating assembly) are made using a GeLi detector positioned above the pool water. Measurements of137Cs count rates from relatively “cold” elements indicate that the counting data obtained using this apparatus is reproducible within 5%. Power distribution in the reactor's core (element by element) has been derived from140La counting data. The method of determining power is discussed briefly and some example results are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02041690
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of shrub establishment by springtime soil water availability in an annual grassland (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 81 (1989), S. 62-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Baccharis pilularis ; Shrub establishment ; Succession ; Coexistence ; Episodic invasion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that the shrub, Baccharis pilularis spp. consanguinea, invades annual grasslands in the San Francisco Bay region in a sporadic manner. Invasion was shown to be positively correlated with the amount of rainfall received in the spring. Here we show that, although Baccharis seeds are dispersed near the beginning of the winter rainy season, seedling root growth is extremely slow until spring. At this time, cessation of the winter rains and transpiration by the grassland annuals results in drying of the upper soil profile. We conclude that establishment of Baccharis seedlings at our study site usually fails because seedling roots cannot reach depths of permanently moist soil, below the depth of the grass roots, before this soil drought occurs. The continuation of rains into the warmer spring months provides a window of time when favorable temperatures and adequate soil moisture allow shrubs to establish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377011
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomass accumulation and resource utilization in co-occurring grassland annuals (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 555-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Serpentine ; Annuals ; Water-use ; Nitrogenuse ; Reproduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mediterranean-climate annuals growing on serpentine soils in central California differ greatly in their life spans and reproductive periods dependent on their access to soil moisture. The longer-lived annuals accumulate a greater lifetime biomass, have a higher total, but lower proportional, reproductive output, and produce leaves with a higher C/N ratios at the time of reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379903
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community and population dynamics of serpentine grassland annuals in relation to gopher disturbance (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 67 (1985), S. 342-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This study examines the effects of soil disturbance by gophers on patterns of species abundance in an annual grassland community on serpentine soil. We assessed production, dispersal and storage of seed, germination, survivorship and growth of the most abundant species in undisturbed vegetation and on gopher mounds. Fewer seeds of the dominant species were dispersed onto gopher mounds due to the limited movement of seeds from within the closed vegetation. Species with taller flowering stalks were more likely to colonise gopher mounds. The timing of gopher disturbance in relation to the timing of seed fall determined which species could colonise mounds. Lower numbers of seeds falling onto gopher mounds resulted in lower seedling densities of several species compared with undisturbed areas. Survivorship of the commonest species differed between undisturbed areas and gopher mounds formed at different times of year. This resulted in characteristic spectra of species abundance on the different microhabitats, giving rise to distinct spatial patterning in the community. Plants growing on gopher mounds were generally larger and produced more seed than plants in undisturbed vegetation. We suggest that continued gopher disturbance is a factor allowing several species, including perennial grasses, to persist in this community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384939
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invasion of an annual grassland in Northern California by Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 72 (1987), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Baccharis pilularis ; Episodic invasion ; Shrub stablishment ; Community change ; El Niño
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied the invasion of a California annual grassland by the shrub, Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea (DC) C.B. Wolf. A series of aerial photographs indicated that the shrub had been present at the study site for 35–45 years but spread very little until the early 1970's. A period of slow expansion was followed by rapid outward spread of the shrub population and large increases in shrub density. Detailed demographic studies showed a period of rapid population increase from 1978 to 1983, with the highest stablishment rates in 1982–83. Establishment was strongly correlated with annual and spring rainfall amounts. An iniiall period of slow outward spread is thought to have profided foci for rapid spread during years of high rainfall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377580
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of fertiliser addition and subsequent gopher disturbance on a serpentine annual grassland community (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Annual grassland ; Serpentine ; Nutrient addition ; Gophers ; Mulch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Application of slow release fertiliser to small (0.5x1 m) plots within a serpentine annual grassland community led to significant increases in above-ground biomass and a shift in species relative abundances. In fertilised plots the native forb species which usually dominate the grassland were almost totally replaced by grasses. In the years following initial fertiliser application, a heavy mulch formed from the previous year's grass growth allowed establishment of grass species such as Bromus mollis but significantly reduced forb establishment. Gopher disturbance of fertilised plots in the second and third years of the experiment effectively removed the grass mulch and allowed re-establishment of forb species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378612
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harvester ant foraging and plant species distribution in annual grassland (1985)
    Springer
    Oecologia 67 (1985), S. 519-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The harvester antVeromessor andrei Mayr is a major seed predator on annual grassland growing on serpentine soil at Jasper Ridge, N. California. Ants forage intensively during morning and evening sessions in areas surrounding nests. Activity is at its most intense in early summer, coinciding with peak seed release for most annual plant species. Ants show strong preferences for seeds of non-dominant species, notablyMicroseris douglasii (DC.) Sch.-Bip., but preferences alter over the season in response to seed availability. Seeds of the dominant annual species,Lasthenia californica DC ex Lindley are not foraged until later in the summer when seeds of other species are less abundant. Seedling densities and species compositions on ant nests differ markedly from surrounding areas with species relative abundances being similar to those found on gopher mounds. An exclosure experiment in areas adjacent to nests indicated that ants significantly reduced the densities of species with preferred seeds. Ants may therefore significantly affect plant distribution and abundance within the serpentine grassland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00790023
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Community changes following shrub invasion of grassland (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 508-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Grassland ; Invasion ; Herbivory ; Seed production ; Baccharis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We studied the development of the shrub Baccharis pilularis ssp consanguinea and its effects on herbs of the annual grassland in Northern California. A series of shands of Baccharis was sampled of ages ranging from 1 yr to〉9 yr, representing most of the life cycle of the shrub. In each stand we examined shrub biomass, structure and litterfall. We also determined cover and biomass of all herbaceous species and estimated seed production, seed rain and storage of seed in the soil. Abundances of all herbaceous species declined greatly after Baccharis formed a closed canopy at 2–3 yr, and little seed of herbaceous species was either dispersed into shrub stands or stored in the soil. Exclosures suggested that herbivory by small mammals in the closed shrub stands may be important in reducing the abundance of herbaceous species following shrub invasion of grassland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379896
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gophers and grassland: a model of vegetation response to patchy soil disturbance (1987)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 69 (1987), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Dispersal ; Gopher disturbance ; Process model ; Spatial patterning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We present a computer model which simulates population processes and spatial patterning in response to gopher disturbance in an annual grassland community. The model includes the processes of seed production, dispersal, germination and seedling survival of four main grassland species. Runs show that soil disturbance by gophers affects both short-term spatial patterning and long-term species composition. The main determinant of species behaviour is their relative seed dispersal distances, and the model is relatively insensitive to initial species distribution or abundances. The model adequately simulated short-term community patterning, and provided predictions of long-term dynamics which can now be tested using longer-term field experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038695
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