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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 78 (1989), S. 207-242 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Paleogeography, paleotopography, and paleobathymetry of a closed erosion-depositional system can be reconstructed by restoring sedimentary masses to elevated surfaces in a drainage basin based on the inverse of present erosion equations and adjusting for isostasy, sea level changes, sediment compaction, and thermal subsidence. The erosion-deposition history of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico margin and its western-central North American source area during the Cenozoic is used to explore the sensitivity of mass balance reconstructions, and changes in assumptions concerning erosion rate parameters and sea level. Analysis of the distributions of sedimentary material and mass-balanced paleogeographic reconstructions of the study area indicate the following specific results: 1) most of the Pleistocene sediment in the Gulf of Mexico is not of glacial origin but is derived from the high plains and reflects uplift of the Rocky Mountains and High Plains since the Late Pliocene; and 2) paleoshorelines predicted from mass-balanced reconstructions using theHaq et al. (1987) global sea level curve do not match the shoreline indicated by sedimentary sequences and suggest that the amplitude of sea level changes in the Gulf coast is between one-fourth and three-fourths, most likely one-half, that of the published eustatic sea level curve.
    Abstract: Résumé Si une région constitue un système fermé en régard aux processus d'érosion et de sédimentation, il est possible d'en établir la paléogéographie, la paléotopographie et la paléobathymétrie en reconstituant sur les surfaces élevées les volumes dont l'érosion a donné lieu aux accumulations dans le bassin de sédimentation; cette opération doit tenir compte des effets de l'isostasie, des changements du niveau de la mer et des soulèvements et affaissements thermiques de la topographie. L'histoire de l'érosion et de la sédimentation dans la région formée par la bordure NW du Golfe du Mexique et son aire nourricière (ouest et centre de l'Amérique du Nord) pendant le Cénozoïque présente les conditions requises et permet de tester le principe d'un tel modèle de bilan des volumes. Les reconstitutions paléogéographiques équilibrées de l'aire étudiée fournissent les résultats suivants: 1. la plus grande part du soulèvement des Montagnes Rocheuses et des Hautes Plaines a eu lieu depuis le Pliocène; 2. les paléo-lignes de rivage que l'on déduit de ces reconstitutions au moyen des courbes eustatiques du niveau de la mer ne correspondent pas aux limites entre sédiments marins et continentaux; elles suggèrent que les changement du niveau de la mer le long de la cóte du golfe n'atteignent approximativement que la moitié des valeurs données par les courbes eustatiques deHaq et al. (1987).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Paläogeographie, Paläotopographie und Paläobathymetrie eines geschlossenen Erosions-Depositions-Systems kann abgeschätzt werden, indem man die Sedimentmengen rekonstruiert und auf die Hochflächen in einem Entwässerungsbecken projiziert. Dies basiert auf den heutigen inversen Erosionsratengleichungen und der Korrektur für Isostasie, Meeresspiegelschwankungen und thermale Hebung oder Zerfall der Topographie. Die Erosions-Depositions-Geschichte des nordwestlichen Randes des Golf von Mexiko und seines west- bis zentralnordamerikanischen Schüttungsgebietes während des Känozoikums entsprechen einem geschlossenen Modell und erlauben das Testen der Prinzipien der Massen-Ausgleichs-Modellierung. Rekonstruktionen einer ausgeglichenen Paläogeographie des Arbeitsgebietes ergeben die folgenden spezifischen Ergebnisse: 1. Die maximale Hebungsrate der Rocky Mountains und der Hochebenen fand während des oberen Pliozäns statt. 2. Die Paläo-Küstenlinien, die mit Ausgleichsrekonstruktionen basierend auf durchschnittlichen Meeresspiegelkurven erstellt wurden, stimmen nicht mit marin-nichtmarinen Sedimentfolgen überein und beinhalten ferner, daß die Amplitude der Meeresspiegelschwankungen an der Golfküste nur etwa der Hälfte der eustatischen Meeresspiegelkurve vonHaq et al. (1987) entspricht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1989-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0921-8181
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-6364
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1989-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-0182
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-616X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1988-12-10
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Electronic ISSN: 2156-2202
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1988-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7606
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2674
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 6
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    Prentice Hall
    In:  In: Quantitative Dynamic Stratigraphy. , ed. by Cross, T. A. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, pp. 261-275. ISBN 978-0137447497
    Publication Date: 2018-02-07
    Description: Mass-balanced paleogeographic maps are quantitative reconstructions of the earth’s surface at times in the past. They are based on the principle of mass balance: tectonic, erosion and Sedimentation processes acting on the reconstructed surface over a given interval of time cause the mass of Sediment eroded to be equal to the mass of Sediment deposited. Input files consist of: 1) defini tion of the unit areas to form a grid within aregion that has acted as aclosed source-sink System with respect to detrital Sediment; 2) present average elevation of each unit area; 3) representative lithostratigraphic columns for each unit area keyed to a chronostratigraphic framework; 4) a regional mass-age distribution of the Sediment; 5) an estimate of the mass of sediment that was deposited during each time interval; 6) age of ocean crust and age assignments for the contracting material beneath thinned passive Continental margins; 7) a regional sea-level curve; and 8) specifi cation of an appropriate time Step. These data are then manipulated by the program through process constants to produce mass-balanced paleogeographic maps (Shaw and Hay, this volume). The mass-age distributions have a high information content and provide a summary of the geologic history of the region.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Geological Society of America
    In:  Geological Society of America Bulletin, 100 (12). pp. 1934-1956.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-31
    Description: The central problem of paleoceanography is the history of the circulation of the ocean. Although speculation about ancient oceanic circulation goes back to the past century, the field of paleoceanography was founded in the 1950s as oxygen-isotope studies suggested that oceanic deep waters were warmer in the past than they are today. Extensive coring of deep-sea sediments by numerous expeditions after World War II was followed by the ocean drilling programs, providing a rich data base. Paleoceanographic interpretations have tried to explain the most obvious changes in sea-floor sediments and their contained fossils: changing paleotemperatures indicated by oxygen isotopes, fluctuations in the calcium carbonate compensation depth, accumulations of organic carbon-rich sediments, and the unexpected abundance of hiatuses in a setting which had been thought to be the ultimate sedimentary sink. The result has been the intriguing discovery that although the positions and circulation of the major surface gyres is generally stable, the deep circulation of the ocean may reverse on a variety of time scales. It has been suggested that formation of North Atlantic Deep Water, which causes the uneven distribution of nutrients, alkalinity, and oxygen in the deep sea today, may have been replaced by formation of North Pacific Deep Water during the last deglaciation, reversing the concentration gradients of nutrients, alkalinity, and oxygen. On a longer time scale, the present general circulation, which is dominated by production of oxygen-rich cold deep water in the subpolar regions today, may have replaced a pre-Oligocene general circulation in which warm, saline, oxygen-poor deep waters were formed in warm seas in the arid zones. Paleoceanography is still in its infancy; many new clues to the history of the ocean are being discovered, and many new ideas about conditions in the past are being developed. The beginning of the next century should see continuing rapid growth and maturation in this exciting new field.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Enke
    In:  Geologische Rundschau, 78 (1). pp. 207-242.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-30
    Description: Paleogeography, paleotopography, and paleobathymetry of a closed erosion-depositional system can be reconstructed by restoring sedimentary masses to elevated surfaces in a drainage basin based on the inverse of present erosion equations and adjusting for isostasy, sea level changes, sediment compaction, and thermal subsidence. The erosion-deposition history of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico margin and its western-central North American source area during the Cenozoic is used to explore the sensitivity of mass balance reconstructions, and changes in assumptions concerning erosion rate parameters and sea level. Analysis of the distributions of sedimentary material and mass-balanced paleogeographic reconstructions of the study area indicate the following specific results: 1) most of the Pleistocene sediment in the Gulf of Mexico is not of glacial origin but is derived from the high plains and reflects uplift of the Rocky Mountains and High Plains since the Late Pliocene; and 2) paleoshorelines predicted from mass-balanced reconstructions using theHaq et al. (1987) global sea level curve do not match the shoreline indicated by sedimentary sequences and suggest that the amplitude of sea level changes in the Gulf coast is between one-fourth and three-fourths, most likely one-half, that of the published eustatic sea level curve.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 9
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    Unknown
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, 93 (B12). pp. 14933-14940.
    Publication Date: 2018-02-07
    Description: The total mass of sediments on the ocean floor is estimated to be 262 × 1021 g. The overall mass/age distribution is approximated by an exponential decay curve: (11.02 × 1021 g)e−0.0355t Ma. The mass/age distribution is a function of the area/age distribution of ocean crust, the supply of sediment to the deep sea, and submarine erosion and redeposition. About 140 × 1021 g of the sediment on the ocean floor is pelagic sediment, consisting of about 74% CaCO3, with the remainder opaline silica and red clay. Of the sediment on the ocean floor, 122 × 1021 g is detritus, mostly terrigenous, but a small portion (about 6 × 1021 g) is volcanic. Because very little pelagic sediment is obducted, virtually all of the pelagic sediment mass and some fraction of the terrigenous sediment is being subducted at a rate estimated to be about 1 × 1021 g per million years. The composition of sediment on the ocean floor differs significantly from that of average passive margin and continental sediment, so that the loss of ocean floor sediment through subduction may drive the composition of global sediment toward enrichment in silica, alumina, and potash and toward depletion in calcium.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Elsevier Science
    In:  In: Carbonate-Clastic Transitions. , ed. by Doyle, L. J. and Roberts, H. H. Developments in Sedimentology, 42 . Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 1-33.
    Publication Date: 2018-02-07
    Description: Global patterns of Continental drainage to the oceans have changed markedly over the last 200 m.y. in response to plate tectonic processes; most of the earth's major rivers now enter the sea on passive Continental margins which did not exist in the early Mesozoic. This reorganization of drainage has strongly influenced the distributions of marine detrital and carbonate facies. Analysis of changes in Continental topography related to the breakup of Pangaea suggest that throughout much of the Mesozoic, drainage Systems were dominated by a pole-to-pole divide directing detrital Sediment away from the sites of future Continental rifting. This phase was followed by rifting and formation of narrow oceans with uplifted margins. As the margins subsided by thermal relaxation, massive amounts of detrital Sediment were delivered from the Continental interiors onto the young passive margins. In time, river drainage became increasingly focused, concentrating detrital Sediment supply at the mouths of a few large rivers. Very large supplies of detrital Sediment require large, high uplifts such as those caused by subduction of young, hot ocean crust or by Continental collision. Large Sediment supplies also require drainage basins with relatively constant slope; so that Sediment erosion, throughput, and delivery to the ocean margin are efficient. The result is rapid Sedimentation of deltaic complexes containing an abundance of organic carbon. Düring most of earth history, there are no large, high uplifts, and carbonate rocks become more important in the Continental margins. In contrast to the point inputs of detrital Sediments, the supply of carbonate has been from the oceanic reservoir and is diffuse. Carbonate deposition dominates the Continental shelves in all warm regions where the detrital Sediment input is not extremely large. Carbonate shelves become cemented, resisting erosion, so they build up until the shelf edge approximates highstands of sea level. Detrital shelves become adjusted to lowstands of sea level with the shelf breaks typically many tens of meters below the low sea level. The clastic-carbonate shelf-slope-rise System operates to promote bypassing of detrital materials into deep water in the subtropics and tropics, with sharp facies contrasts. In higher latitudes, carbonate may be a significant Proportion of the Continental margin material, but facies changes are usually much more gradual.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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