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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of divalent anionic impurities on space charge in AgBr microspheres (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 1130-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The model of the space-charge layer in AgBr microcrystals containing divalent cationic impurities has been extended to divalent anionic dopants. Results of calculations for both mobile and immobile impurities are reported. Increasing the impurity concentration leads to a change in the potential difference between the interior and the surface, which in some cases may reverse the sign of the space-charge layer and the compensating surface charge. The point at which this occurs is dependent on the binding energy of the impurity-interstitial complex and on the temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334556
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Distributed Model of Enzymatic Lysis of Microbial Cells (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 506 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23862.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass distribution in spiral galaxies (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 779-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The masses of a carefully selected sample of primary disk galaxies orbited by one or more satellite systems have been calculated both from the rotation of the disks and from the kinematics of the satellites. The ratio of these two mass estimates (χobs ) is sensitive to the presence ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325779a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Byssus drifting and the drifting threads of the young post-larval mussel Mytilus edulis (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 84 (1985), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The long, drifting threads secreted by young post-larval mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) are simple monofilaments, distinct in form and function from the attachment byssus threads. The diameters of both thread types are in the micron or sub-micron range but, whereas the attachment threads are of restricted length and terminate in an attachment plaque, drifting threads exceed the post-larva in length by more than two orders in magnitude and are without plaques or any other structures. Transmission electron micrographs of drifting threads show no evidence of internal sub-structure. In contrast, attachment threads appear to be made up of filaments. These studies confirm that the drifting threads are highly effective in enhancing the dispersal of young mussels. The terminal sinking velocity of young drifters is typically ca. 1 mm s-1. At this velocity the suspension range above the sea bed, assuming given values of vertical diffusivity, is estimated to be 0.5 to 5 m. Calculations of the fluid drag experienced by post-larvae in the water column show that the theoretical viscous drag force on the thread is sufficient to account for the reduced sinking rate of drifters. The calculated contribution of the thread to the total drag is approximately one order of magnitude greater than that of the post-larval body. A rapid thread-deployment strategy, shown by post-larvae which are brought into suspension, may prolong each drifting excursion and thus further enhance dispersal in turbulent marine environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392500
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benthic algal response to N and P enrichment along a pH gradient (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 179 (1989), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: benthic algae ; nutrients ; pH ; community structure ; cell size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient enrichment and its effect on benthic algal growth, community composition, and average cell size was assessed across two sites of differing pH within a single habitat. Nutrients were added using in situ substrata, which released either N, P, or no additional nutrients (controls) at each site for 21 days. Upon collection, chlorophyll and biovolume standing stocks of the attached algal microflora were measured. Chlorophyll concentration was different among all treatments, accumulating greatest on P, followed by N, and the least on C substrata (P 〈 0.001) and was highest at site-2 (P 〈 0.001), while total algal biovolume was highest on P compared to both N and C substrata (P 〈 0.05) and did not vary between sites. Increased growth on P substrata was due to the enhanced biovolume of filamentous green algae, although the affected taxa varied between sites. Biovolume to cell density ratios (as a measure of average cell size) were highest on P substrata over both N-enriched and control substrata (P 〈 0.05) and this pattern was similar between sites. Progression towards a community composed of larger cells following P enrichment observed along this pH gradient, seems to be related to the dominance of larger celled filamentous green algae. Thus, nutrients exhibited greater control on benthic algal growth than did changes in hydrogen ion concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007599
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D on antigen presenting cells infected with vaccinia recombinants and protective immunity (1988)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 8 (1988), S. 323-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: glycoprotein ; herpes simplex ; vaccinia ; virus ; recombinant ; immunity ; protection ; antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of the temporal regulation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 glycoprotein D (gD-1) expression in Ia+ epidermal cells (EC) and macrophages on virus specific immunity and protection from HSV-2 challenge. gD-1 was expressed on the surface of cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant containing gD-1 under the control of an early vaccinia virus promoter (VP176). It was not expressed in cells infected with a recombinant (VP254) in which gD-1 is controlled by a late vaccinia virus promoter. BALB/c mice immunized with both recombinants seroconverted to HSV-2 as determined by neutralization. However, HSV specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were significantly (p〈0.025) higher in VP176 than VP254 immunized animals. Both VP176 and VP254 immunized mice were protected from severe neurological disease due to HSV-2 challenge at 14 days post immunization, but long term protection was observed only in VP176 immunized mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115223
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of enzymatic lysis and disruption of yeast cells: II. A simple model of lysis kinetics (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 481-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple two-step model is proposed to describe the kinetics of the two lytic systems examined in the preceding article. The model predicts concentrations of yeast solids, soluble proteins, peptides, and carbohyrates. In the first reaction step, yeast cell mass is solubilized; in the second, the released protein can be hydrolyzed to peptides. Kinetics for both yeast lysis and the subsequent protein breakdown are based on Michaelis-Menten expressions. Terms have been included for competitive inhibition of yeast lysis by substances in the Cytophaga enzyme preparation, and for incomplete hydrolysis of cells by the Oerskovia enzyme system. Parameters have been independently determined for all reactions except Oerskovia proteolysis, where they were fit by a leastsquares method to data from model test runs. The model has been verified for yeast concentrations between 0.7 and 70 g/L yeast (dry basis) and 4-40% crude enzyme solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of enzymatic lysis and disruption of yeast cells: I. Evaluation of two lytic systems with different properties (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 471-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many microorganisms produce enzymes which lyse the walls of yeasts, fungi, and bacteria. The proportions of different enzyme activities present in the lytic system, their action patterns, synergism, and dependence on inhibitors, constitute the activity profile of the lytic system. Taken together, the activity profile and process conditions for lysis determine the reaction rate and the distribution of products from lysis of any given type of cells. Kinetics of glucan hydrolysis, proteolysis, and lysis of brewer's yeast were compared for two extracellular yeast-lytic enzyme systems with different properties. The enzyme sources used were filtered culture broths from Cytophaga sp. NCIB 9497 grown in batch culture and from Oerskovia xanthineolytica LL-G109, grown under carbon limitation in continuous culture. Rate and extent of cell hydrolysis, and the accumulation of soluble proteins, peptides, and carbohydrates from the lysed yeast cells, are discussed in terms of the activity profiles and potential applications of the two enzyme systems.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quaternary structure of elastin: Characterization of multichain peptide fragments obtained by elastase digestion (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 24 (1985), S. 1515-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enzyme-purified elastin from bovine ligamentum nuchae was digested with elastase in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Chromatographic fractionation of the digest, after removal of the detergent, resulted in the high-yield isolation of two peptide fractions (F2 and F3) that differed in size and composition. The larger, F2, which accounted for about 55% of the starting material, was subjected to sedimentation-equilibrium analysis in three chaotropic solvents. Comparison of the distribution of point-average molecular weights (Mw and Mz) with protein concentration in the three systems lead to the conclusion that significant self-association of peptides occurred in the absence of 6M guanidinium hydrochloride. In this solvent, the molecular-weight distribution was between 25,000 and 34,000, a range of values in agreement with an intrinisic viscosity of 13.1 cc g-1 determined in the same solvent. Assessment of chain weight by N- and C-terminal analysis was consistent with F2 being a multichain molecule comprising four polypeptide chains linked by three polyfunctional amino acids. Results are interpreted in terms of an anisotropic ultrastructural model of the protein, in which four polypeptide chains constitute the primary filament visualized by electron microscopy in the intact fiber.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360240808
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A structured mechanistic model of the kinetics of enzymatic lysis and disruption of yeast cells (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 929-943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A structured, mechanistic model has been built for the kinetics of yeast cell lysis by microbial cell lytic enzymes, based on an understanding of the two-layer yeast cell wall structure and the properties of yeast-lytic enzyme systems. The model predicts the release of protein, peptides and carbohydrates from four cell structures: the outer and inner wall layers, the cytosol and organelles or proteins present in particles; it also predicts organelle or particle lysis or solubilization and the breakdown of released proteins to peptides. Applications of the model to design and optimization of selective product release are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310906
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