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  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 164 (1989), S. 377-389 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Contralateral and ipsilateral responses from deep layers of the rostral neuropil of the optic tectum ofRana esculenta were recorded extracellularly and quantitatively analyzed. Effects of the velocity and diameter of the stimulus on the neuronal response (measured as the mean firing frequency,¯R) were mainly tested in this work. 1. Among the population of changing contrast or event ganglion cells, R3-like units (with a weak response to background off-on stimulation) were defined in addition to typical R3 ganglion cells. 2. A power function relatingRR and the stimulus velocity was established in all units (RR =k vv α), withα=0.80–1.07 andk=2.1–9.5 for R3 units,α=0.55–0.77 andk=5.8–15.2 for R3-like units, andα=0.80–1.16 andk=1.3–5.1 for ipsilateral I2 units. 3. The area function was expressed by a logarithmic function. In all classes the maximal response was obtained with 4.4°–7.5° targets, independent of the test velocity. 4. Both the velocity and the diameter of the stimulus influenced the value of the dynamic receptive field diameter. 5. Finally, results show that qualitative and quantitative properties of I2 units are similar to those of R3 ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 157 (1985), S. 47-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Receptive field (RF) properties of binocular neurons lying in the rostral part of the optic tectum of the frog (Rana esculenta) were studied electrophysiologically using conventional visual stimuli. They were classified into five groups: group 1 neurons have indefinite RF; group 2 neurons are total-field (T6) neurons; group 3 neurons have RFs covering a quadrant of the frontal visual field; group 4 neurons resemble T 1(1) and T 1(3) subclasses described earlier; and finally group 5 neurons look like small-field binocular neurons and are called T7(B). Moreover, RF disparity measurements conducted in all groups suggest that group 4 neurons support the estimation of binocular distance. This problem is discussed.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1988), S. 435-441 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topography and receptive field properties of the retino-tectal projections ofDiscoglossus pictus were studied electrophysiologically for the first time. The spatial extent and tectal topography of the visual field resemble closelyRana. However, despite the presence of ‘event’ retinal cells, only one class of ‘sustained’ retinal cell was found. Nevertheless, receptive field properties and their velocity function suggest thatDiscoglossus retinal cells may be correlated with the classical R3 and the recently described mixed-sustained types inRana (Gaillard and Garcia 1986).
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 162 (1988), S. 443-451 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ipsilateral retino-tecto-tectal (IRTT) units were recorded extracellularly in the rostral optic tectum of the frog (Rana esculenta). The activity of 79 superficial units (II type) was quantified in response to black disks of various sizes, moved vertically at various angular velocities and against a white background. The contrast ¦C¦ was constant during the experiments. Neuronal activity was analysed by two methods, yielding identical results: (1) I1 units responded transiently to moving and movement gated stationary stimuli; these units did not seem to be directionally sensitive nor responsive to changes in background illumination. Fifty-three % of units had a low spontaneous activity. (2) A power function relating mean firing frequency (¯R) and angular velocity (v) was established in the majority (78%) of units. The exponentα and the constantk were 0.44–0.8 and 8.9–20, respectively. (3) The relationship between¯R and stimulus diameter (D) was best expressed by a logarithmic function. The maximum response occurred forD= 2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 73 (1986), S. 158-159 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 30 (1985), S. 43-47 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Einführung von Mikrowellen in thermische Analysentechniken kann Gradientenprobleme lösen und die Aussagemöglichkeiten der thermischen Analyse vergrößern. Ein in unserem Laboratorium eingesetzter Mikrowellengenerator ermöglicht die Aufheizung der Probe mit konstanter und gut definierter Geschwindigkeit. Eine zur DTA benutzte Versuchsanordnung wird beschrieben. Die für einige mineralische Substanzen mit exothermen Wasserangabepeak erhaltenen DTA-Kurven werden mit den konventionellen DTA-Kurven der gleichen Materialien verglichen. In mit der gleichen Apparatur aufgenommen thermodilatometrischen Kurven von PVC sind bei Anwendung der Mikrowellenheizung Umwandlungen klarer zu erkennen als bei der herkömmlichen Verfahrensweise. Eine bei konventionellen Aufheizen meist nicht erkennbare Umwandlung wird klar nachgewiesen. Da bei Mikrowellenheizung die Umwandlungstemperatur bei DTA-Versuchen niedriger als bei thermodilatometrischen Experimenten liegen, erscheint es als wahrscheinlich, daß ein Teil der absorbierten Mikrowellenenergie in einer anderen Form als in der von Wärme aufgenommen wird.
    Abstract: Резюме Введение микроволно водой в термические методы анализа решае т проблему градиентов и увеличи вает возможности тер мического анализа. Микроволнов ая силовая установка, изготовле нная в лаборатории ав торов, обеспечивает нагрев образца с постоян-ной и хорошо определяемо й скоростью нагрева. О писана экспериментальная у становка для использования ее в ДТА. Дифференциальн ые термические кривые, п олученные для некоторых минералов, показывающих экзоте рмические пики выделяющейся во ды, сопоставлены с обычными кривыми ДТ А, полученных для этих минералов. Термодила то-метрические кривые для ПВХ, получе нные на этой же устано вке при микровольновом и стандартном нагрев ах, показали более чет кое проявление превраще ний по сравнению с обичным нагревом. По скольку при микровол новом нагреве температуры преврашения наблюдаются при боле е низких значениях ка к в ДТА так и в термодилатометрии, поэтому возможно, что часть по глощенной микроволн овой энергии, кроме нагрев а, расходуется и на другие формы.
    Notes: Abstract Introduction of microwaves in thermal analysis techniques may solve gradient problems and enlarge the investigation possibilities of thermal analysis. A microwave power control set up in our laboratory provides the sample with a constant and well defined heating rate. Experimental set used for DTA is described. Differential thermal curves got for some mineral products showing exothermal water departure peaks are compared to conventional DTA curves got for the same materials. Thermodilatometric curves of PVC realized with the same apparatus, under microwave and standard heating, show that transformations appear more clearly than under conventional heating. A transformation which almost is not discernible under conventional heating is clearly evidenced. As transformation temperatures under microwaves appear at lower values in DTA as in thermodilatometry, it looks probable that a part of the absorbed microwave energy enters under an other form than heat.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 491-496 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to promote strong and durable steel/epoxy adhesive joints, various stainless steel surface treatments are investigated. The adherend surface characterization is achieved by both spectroscopic (low energy electron-induced x-ray spectrometry (LEEIXS), AES, XPS) and microscopic (SEM) techniques. The strength of the steel/epoxy bonds is evaluated, after bonded sample ageing under hydrothermal conditions (70°C, 95% r.h.), by means of a mechanical three-point flexure test, sensitive to the interfacial properties of the bonded systems.The stainless steel surface treatments used in this study include conventional ones, such as solvent degreasing, acid etching, and phosphating and more original ones such as anodizing in sulphuric-chromic or nitric acid electrolytes. These two last treatments lead to the formation of a ‘thick’ (in the range 10 to 90 nm) surface layer, highly chromium (as Cr(III))-enriched, as determined by LEEIXS and XPS.The anodized stainless steel/epoxy systems exhibit performances which largely outclass those allowed by conventional steel prebonding treatments. These performances are very dependent upon the electrochemical conditions (current density, treatment duration, electrolyte temperature and composition) chosen for the anodizing process.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    X-Ray Spectrometry 16 (1987), S. 7-16 
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Various experiments show that low-energy electron-induced X-ray spectrometry (LEEIXS), using a gas discharge tube as an efficient and stable electronic excitation source, represents a powerful new technique in many fields of research related to surface and near-surface chemical characterization of materials. The instrument is a wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectrometer capable of high qualitative or quantitative performances in the soft and ultra-soft region (λ = 0.3 - 10 nm). LEEIXS applications given in this paper demonstrate how chemical, electrochemical or physical treatments of various substrates modify the solid surface composition.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 10 (1987), S. 163-167 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of anodization parameters, such as current density, electrolyte concentration, electrolyte temperature, and anodization time on the thickness and composition of the oxides formed on AISI 304L stainless steel anodized in H2SO4—K2Cr2O7 were studied by low energy electron induced x-ray spectroscopy (LEEIXS), glow discharge optical spectroscopy (GDOS), and inert ion sputter profiling in conjunction with Auger electron spectroscopy. The physical and chemical properties of these films were correlated with the results of mechanical tests performed on adhesively bonded structures of the anodized pieces in order to test the feasibility of anodization as a prebond treatment for stainless steel.Anodization in H2SO4—K2Cr2O7 produces a Cr(III) enriched 100 nm thick oxide film. The novel technique of LEEIXS was used to characterize the chemical state of chromium while the hydrogen content of the anodic oxide was determined by GDOS.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 171-171 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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