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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Several Traits of Oats Caused by Selection for Vegetative Growth Rate (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 97 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Growth rate and harvest index are the primary components that cause variation in gram yield or oats it growth duration of the crop is fixed as it is in mid western USA. Because harvest index for oats in that region has been optimized 45 %, growth rate is the only remaining trait for improving grain yield.F2 derived oat lines from inter- (Avena sativa L. ×A. Sterilis L.) and intraspecific mating (among A. sativa cultivars) in F3 were selected for vegetative growth rate at maturity (GRM) with an intensity of 8.3%. Predicted genetic gain was 21.5% for GRM, and actual gain was 7%. Changes in grain, biological, and straw yields were higher than gains in GRM when expressed as percentages of the oat population means. Predicted genetic gains were very low for traits unrelated or negatively associated with GRM such as heading data and harvest index. This study suggests that indirect improvement can be made for gain, biological, and straw yields by selecting for GRM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01056.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trait Associations in Introgressed Populations of Pearl Millet (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 98 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Principal component analysis has been used in this study to describe the associations among 17 traits measured on progenies developed from matings of two adapted pearl millet inbreds with three exotic pearl millets. The exotic parents were a primitive I and race, a weedy relative, and a wild relative. The first three components were calculated for these matings and the associations defined. Correlations between these components and grain yield and growth rate were also determined. The first principal component described a hybrid index in five of the six matings, and a number of other complexes of traits were determined by this component or the other two. Some were common to several matings. The first three components accounted for only 50–60% of the total variability; thus no strong association of trans was found that would hinder recombination of parental types to select agronomically desirable segregates with high grain yield or growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1987.tb01085.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improving grain yield in backcross populations from Avena sativa × A. sterilis matings by using independent culling for harvest index and vegetative growth index or unit straw weight (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 659-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oats ; Selection ; Growth rate ; Biological yield ; Independent culling ; Harvest index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Grain yield was selected in Avena sativa X A. sterilis populations of segregates by applying independent culling for harvest index and either vegetative growth index or unit straw weight. Samples of lines intensively selected for harvest index had high harvest index but low grain yield because they had low vigor. Populations intensively selected for growth rate index or unit straw weight had high biological yield but low harvest index. Intensive selection for grain yield per se resulted in samples with high grain yield, but they were late and tall. Samples selected for harvest index at a 25% selection intensity first and subsequently selected for vegetative growth index or unit straw weight had grain yield as high as the samples selected for grain yield per se and vegetative growth index, and they had acceptable heading date and plant height. Backcrosses three and four were best, among the various BC generations, for selecting oat lines with high grain yield and suitable agronomic traits. CI 7463 was superior to CI 8044 as a recurrent parent, and B 445 was inferior to other A. sterilis accessions as a donor parent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288867
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical model for quantitatively inherited traits influenced by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 571-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic genome ; Extranuclear inheritance ; Reciprocal mating designs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cytoplasmic genes of crop species exhibit non-Mendelian inheritance and affect quantitative traits such as biomass and grain yield. Photosynthesis and respiration are physiological processes responsible, in part, for the expression of such quantitative traits and are regulated by enzymes encoded in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Cytoplasmic genes are located in the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Unlike the nuclear genome, the cytoplasmic genomes consist of single, circular, double-stranded molecules of DNA, and in many crop species, the cytoplasmic genomes are inherited solely through the maternal parent. Maternal inheritance of cytoplasmic genomes and Mendelian inheritance of the nuclear genome were used to model the genotypic value of an individual. The model then was utilized to derive genetic variances and covariances for a random-mating population. Finally, the use of reciprocal mating designs to estimate variance components was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288854
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of two measures of vegetative growth rate with other traits in inter and intraspecific matings of oats (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 756-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Avena sterilis ; Biomass ; Vegetative growth rate at anthesis ; Vegetative growth rate at maturity ; Dry weight at anthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary F2-derived oat lines from inter (Avena sativa L. x A. sterilis L.) and intraspecific (among A. sativa cultivars) matings were evaluated in the F3, F4, and F5 generations for heading date, grain and straw yields, biomass, vegetative dry weight at anthesis, vegetative growth rates until anthesis (GRA) and until maturity (GRM), and harvest index. The associations of GRA and GRM with harvest index ranged from zero to slightly negative. The positive correlations of GRA and GRM with grain yield were stronger in inter than in intraspecific matings. Grain yield was positively associated with harvest index in both inter and intraspecific matings. The results suggest the use of A. sterilis x A. sativa matings to improve vegetative growth rate, grain yield, and, to a certain extent, harvest index simultaneously without affecting the growth duration of the crop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266541
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous selection for grain yield and protein percentage in backcross populations fromAvena sterilis ×A. sativa matings by using the independent culling levels procedure (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Oats ; Selection ; Interspecific cross ; Protein ; Grain yield ; Avena
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The method of independent culling levels was applied for simultaneous improvement in grain yield, protein percentage, and protein yield in a population of oat lines from the BC0–BC5 of the interspecific matingAvena sativa ×A. sterilis. Grain yield and protein percentage were subjected to selection with various combination of culling levels to give samples with 2% of the lines from the original population. — Intense selection for grain yield resulted in samples with high grain and protein yields but low protein percentage. Intense selection for protein percentage resulted in samples with high protein percentage but low grain and protein yields. The sample selected for protein yield only showed no significant difference from the recurrent parent for any trait. The recommended regime for improving protein percentage and grain and protein yields simultaneously was one that initially saved approximately 25–50% of the original population on the basis of protein percentage, and then provided intense selection for grain yield on the lines that remained. At least three backcrosses were necessary to obtain lines with high protein percentage and acceptable agronomic traits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570906
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations for polygenic traits in barley under nutrient stress (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 823-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Hordeum vulgare ; barley mutation ; quantitative traits ; soil fertility ; nutrient stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Selfed progenies of three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (‘Manker’, ‘Morex’ and ‘Unitan’) were produced from six generations of a dichotomous propagation scheme. One group of plants per cultivar (the L group) was propagated in a fertile soil mixture. Remnant seed of all generations was increased in a common environment in the field, and all progenies were evaluated in the field under low and high soil fertility. There were no overall differences between the H and L groups for biomass or grain yield, and no genotype x fertility interactions were significant. But when only lines in the sixth, or terminal, generation were considered, the L group had a significantly lower grain or biomass yield than the H group in half of the comparisons. The L group was never significantly higher for biomass or grain yield in generaton 6. Seven of 60 within-family genetic variance components were at least twice as large as their standard errors. Six of the seven significant variances were for generation 6 families within generation 5 families; of those, five were in the L groups. The genetic variance within cultivars could be attributed, not to residual heterozygosity or to constant mutation, but to an increasing mutation rate, primarily in the low-fertility propagation environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051866
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions and heterosis in quantitative traits of oats (Avena spp.) (1987)
    Springer
    Euphytica 36 (1987), S. 877-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa oats ; Avena sterilis ; cytoplasmic inheritance ; nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nuclear and cytoplasmic genes from 10 diverse Avena sterilis L. accessions were introgressed into four Corn Belt oat (A. sativa L.) cultivars. Grain and straw yield, harvest index, heading date, height, unit straw weight, and vegetative growth index were evaluated in the BC2 generation of 76 cytoplasmic isopopulations. Means of all seven traits in the BC2 of ‘Tippecanoe’ matings were greater than Tippecanoe due to introgression of A. sterilis germplasm, whereas means of all seven traits in BC2 populations of ‘Ogle’ were inferior to those of Ogle. BC2 populations of matings involving ‘CI 9170’ and ‘CI 9268’ were variable, with some trait means being greater than those of the recurrent parents and some being lower. The phenomena of nuclear-cytoplasmic interaction effects and nuclear-cytoplasmic heterosis also were investigated. In matings where significant differences were present between cytoplasmic isopopulations, those with A. sterilis cytoplasm usually were superior, but no trait exhibited a consistent cytoplasmic effect across all matings. These results suggest that all seven traits were influenced by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Nuclear-cytoplasmic heterosis for grain yield was present in two of 38 isopopulations with A. sterilis cytoplasm; both were from matings involving Tippecanoe. Nuclear-cytoplasmic heterosis for each of the remaining traits was observed in four to eight of the 38 isopopulations with A. sterilis cytoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051873
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated response to recurrent selection for groat-oil content in oats (1989)
    Springer
    Euphytica 43 (1989), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa L. ; Avena sterilis L. ; introgression ; phenotypic recurrent selection ; oil yield ; correlated response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary One hundred random oat (Avena sativa L.) lines from a base (C0) and each of three populations (C1, C2, and C3) improved for groat (caryopsis) oil content by phenotypic recurrent selection were evaluated for correlated changes in several unselected agronomic traits. In addition, the parents of the base population and four check varieties were evaluated for the same traits. Phenotypic recurrent selection for high groat-oil content resulted in no significant correlated response in mean expression of any trait. Mean grain yield, biomass, groat yield, and harvest index of the improved populations were equal or superior to the mean of the parents and, with the exception of harvest index, equivalent to the mean of the check varieties. Mean test weight and seed weight of all populations were lower than for parents or check varieties. Selection for high groat-oil content caused a decline in genotypic variance for test weight and groat fraction, but reductions in genotypic variance for heading date and plant height may have resulted from culling for good agronomic type. Broad-sense heritability remained moderate to high for all traits except groat fraction. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients revealed negative, though mostly nonsignificant, relationships between groat-oil content and several traits, which may reflect a purported bioenergetic limitation to increasing groat-oil content in oats. Oil yield, however, was positively correlated with grain and groat yield, groat fraction, biomass, and harvest index. Results suggest that development of high-oil oat cultivars with current levels of production traits via phenotypic recurrent selection is possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037892
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein yield of oats as determined by protein percentage and grain yield (1985)
    Springer
    Euphytica 34 (1985), S. 21-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Avena sativa ; oats ; phenotypic correlations ; transgressive segregation ; protein yield ; grain yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Relationships among the traits protein percentage, grain yield, and protein yield of oats were studied with F2-derived lines in F3 and F4 from 27 matings obtained by crossing high-protein with high-yield oat lines. High-protein parents were (a) selections from an Avena sativa bulk, (b) selections from three-way matings in which an initial parent was A. sterilss, and (c) cultivars. High-yield parents were derived from backcross populations involving A. sterilis accessions as donor parents. Significnnt genetic variation existed among F2-derived lines for grain and protein yield in all matings and for protein percentage in all but one mating. Protein percentage had a highly significant negative correlation with grain yield (r=−0.33**) when pooled over all matings, but in five, these two traits were not correlated. Overall, protein percentage showed a small negative correlation with protein yield (r=−0.09*), and protein and grain yields had a high positive association (r=0.98**). F2-derived lines with both high protein percentage and high grain yield were obtained. High transgressive segregates for protein percentage occurred in two matings, for grain yield in nine, and for protein yield in 14. Most high transgressive segregates for protein yield were high because of high grain yield only, but in four matings, lines were found where protein yield was increased by concurrent increases in both protein percentage and grain yield. Only a few specific parental combinations between high-protein and high-yield parents produced segregates in which increased protein percentage contributed materially to high-protein yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022860
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