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  • 1985-1989  (11)
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  • 1
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    Studying antiprotons from balloons and Space Station (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Experimental measurements are proposed to determine the existence of cosmic antiprotons and to differentiate between various hypothetical origins for them. The balloon-borne experiment proposed by Balasubrahmanyan et al. (1983) for detecting 50-220-MeV antiprotons and measuring their energy distribution is described; the astrophysical significance of antiproton measurements is considered; the antiproton/proton ratios predicted by various cosmic-ray and exotic models are presented graphically; and the performance required of a Space Station superconducting-magnet detector for the 10-1000-GeV range is discussed. It is concluded that an instrument with 0.3-sq m sr geometry could distinguish (at a 5-sigma level) between hypotheses with spectral-exponent separation of 0.1 in observing time about 1 month, assuming a spectral exponent as steep as E to the -3rd.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 2
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    Nuclear composition (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of direct measurements of the energy distribution and elemental composition of cosmic rays are reviewed. Consideration is given to early calorimeter, Cerenkov-counter, and superconducting-magnet data; HEAO-3 results; balloon-borne measurements beyond 30 GeV/nucleon, and the balloon-borne emulsion-chamber data obtained in the JACEE experiments (Burnett et al., 1982 and 1983). The potential of Space Station observations to extend the data to energies as high as 10 PeV is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
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  • 3
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    Antiprotons in cosmic rays (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Recent experimental observations and results are discussed. It was found that the approximately 50 antiprotons collected in balloon experiments to date have generated considerable theoretical interest. Clearly, confirmatory experiments and measurements over an extended energy range are required before definite conclusions are drawn. Antiproton measurements have a bearing on astrophysical problems ranging from cosmic ray propagation to issues of cosmological import. The next generation of balloon experiments and the Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility being discussed for operation on NASA's space station should provide data and insights of highest interest.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Essays in Space Science; p 155-172
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  • 4
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    Cosmic ray propagation in the local superbubble (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is suggested that a ring of HI gas lying in the galactic plane is part of a supershell which formed some 3 x 10 to the 7th power years ago. The consequences of a closed magnetic supershell for cosmic ray propagation are examined and it is concluded that there is no evidence which precludes the production and trapping of cosmic rays in such a region. A consequence of superbubble confinement is that the mean age of cosmic rays would be independent of energy. This can be tested by high energy observations of the isotopic composition of Be.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361); 143; 2, Fe; 249-255
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  • 5
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    SU(2) x U(1) vacuum and the Centauro events (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: It is proposed that the fireballs invoked to explain the Centauro events are bubbles of a metastable superdense state of nuclear matter, created in high energy (E approximately 10 to the 15th power eV) cosmic ray collisions at the top of the atmosphere. If these bubbles are created with a Lorentz factor gamma approximately equals 10 at their CM frame, the objections against the origin of these events in cosmic ray interactions are overcome. A relationship then between their lifetime, tau, and the threshold energy for bubble formation, E sub th, appears to be insensitive to the value of tau and always close to E sub th approximately 10 to 15th power eV. Finally it is speculated that these bubbles might be manifestations of the SU(2) x U(1) false vacuum excited in these collisions. The absence of in the Centauro events is then explained by the decay modes of these excitations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 6; p 137-140; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-6
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  • 6
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    Measurement of the iron spectrum from 60 to 200 GeV per nucleon (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The high energy gas Cerenkov Spectrometer (HEGCS) was flown by balloon from Palestine, Texas on September 30, 1983. The instrument maintained an altitude of 118,000 ft (4.7 g/sq cms) for 6 hours. Details of the ongoing data analysis and preliminary results on the Fe spectrum to 10 to the 13th power eV/nucleus are given.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-4.1-11 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 40-43; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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  • 7
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    Mass resolution optimization in a large isotopic composition experiment (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A range-energy experiment was built to measure the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic rays. An enrichment of neutron rich isotopes, 22Ne and (25Mg + 26Mg) in particular, when compared to the solar composition is shown. A rich statistics measurement of these and other neutron-rich isotopes in the galactic flux yields information to the source of these particles. A computer simulation of the experiment was used to estimate the instrument resolution. The Cherenkov detector light collection efficiency, was calculated. Absorption of light in the radiator was considered to determine the optimum Cherenkov medium thickness. The experiment will determine the isotopic composition for the elements neon through argon in the energy range 300 to 800 MeV per nucleon.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.1-9 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 278-281; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 8
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    High resolution Cherenkov detectors for cosmic ray isotope experiment (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Cerenkov detectors are used to measure the velocity of particles in configurations designed to study the isotopic composition of galactic cosmic rays. The geometrical properties of the detector are outlined. Monte-Carlo simulations of photon propagation in a diffusive detector were undertaken. The scattering properties of diffusively reflecting white paint and of surface treatments for the radiator material were measured. It is found that the absorption of light in the radiator is an important light loss mechanism. The simulations are used to find optimal mapping techniques and data reduction strategies. The application of these techniques are discussed with respect to the large area isotopic composition experiment (ALICE) Cerenkov detector.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.1-4 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 262-265; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 9
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    The design of an experiment to detect low energy antiprotons (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The techniques to be used in a balloon borne experiment APEX to detect 220 MeV antiprotons are described, paying particular attention to potential sources of background. Event time history is shown to be very effective in eliminating this background. Results of laboratory tests on the timing resolution which may be achieved are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-9.1-1 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 3; p 254-257; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-3
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  • 10
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    Cosmic ray nuclei of energy 50 GeV/NUC (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Preliminary results from the High Energy Gas Cerenkov Spectrometer indicate that the sub-iron to iron ratio increases beyond 100 GeV/nucleon. This surprising finding is examined in light of various models for the origin and propagation of galactic cosmic rays.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-4.1-12 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 2; p 44-47; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-2
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