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  • Other Sources  (11)
  • 1985-1989  (11)
  • 1
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    Atmospheric lifetime and annual release estimates for CFCl3 and CF2Cl2 from 5 years of ALE data (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: CFCl3 and CF2Cl2 data for the 5-year period from July 1978-June 1983 are analyzed. The lifetime estimates are updated using the trend technique and the annual global release rates of the gases are derived. The effects of release uncertainties on lifetime estimates are examined by studying fluorocarbon data. It is observed that in 1981 the mixing ratios for CFCl3 and CF2Cl2 displayed increases of 8.8. and 15.3 pptv/year respectively, and the trend lifetime for CFCl13 is 74 + 31 or - 17 years and for CF2Cl2 111 + 222 or - 44 years.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 10797-10
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Causes of increasing atmospheric methane - Depletion of hydroxyl radicals and the rise of emissions (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A combination of anthropogenic activities and a possible decline of global concentrations for the hydroxyl radicals that formerly removed methane from the atmosphere are cited as potential causes for the 1.3 percent/year rise of atmospheric methane levels. Calculations are presented which show that much of the methane increase over the last 200 years is probably to be divided among the two main sources in the proportions of 70 percent for anthropogenic generation and 30 percent for hydroxyl radical depletion. It is projected that in 20 years, average tropospheric concentrations of methane may be about 20 percent greater than 1980 levels. The current abundance of hydroxyl radicals may be 20 percent less than two centuries ago.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Atmospheric Environment (ISSN 0004-6981); 19; 397-407
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  • 3
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    MAX: A space station computer option (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Information on Max, a space station computer option, is given in viewgraph form. The computer option is characterized by embedded, real-time applications; synchronous, cyclic operation and asynchronous, event driven operation; computationally intensive and data intensive processing; a wide range of throughput and memory requirements; a range of fault tolerant requirements from none to full; and maintainability, including capability for on-line substitution in critical systems.
    Keywords: COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
    Type: NASA, Washington, Proceedings: Computer Science and Data Systems Technical Symposium, Volume 2; 12 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    An intercomparison of carbon monoxide measurement techniques (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results from an intercomparison of techniques to measure tropospheric levels of carbon monoxide (CO) are discussed. The intercomparison was conducted as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) and was held at Wallops Island, VA, in July 1983. Instruments intercompared included a laser differential absorption method and three grab sample/gas chromatograph methods. The intercomparison consisted of simultaneous measurements of ambient levels of CO and controlled injections of CO from a common manifold. Results from the techniques exhibited a high degree of correlation among themselves and with changes in the CO mixing ratio. The results suggested a level of agreement among the techniques of about 15 percent. However, a day-to-day bias between the techniques was observed, which resulted in differences between techniques as large as 38 percent.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 5
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    Air chemistry over the tropical forest of Guyana (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A comparison is made of the atmospheric chemistry within and above the atmospheric boundary layer over the tropical forest of Guyana. The data were gathered by NASA during the Global Tropospheric Experiment program in 1984, with an instrumented aircraft being used to collect data at altitudes of 3.5 km and between 150-450 m. The synoptic data covered concentrations of O3, CO, dimethylsulfide (DMS), halocarbons and isoprene and three different aerosol particulate measurements (DIAL system). The forest boundary layer proved to be a significant sink for O3, and a source for substantial emissions of DMS. Isoprene emitted by the forest was photochemically oxidized and became a source of CO.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 91; 8603-861
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  • 6
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    Methane, carbon monoxide and methylchloroform in the Southern Hemisphere (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: New observational data on CH4, CO and CH3CCl3 in the Southern Hemisphere are reported. The data are analyzed for long term trends and seasonal cycles. CH3CCl3 data are used to scale the OH fields incorporated in a two-dimensional model, which in turn, is used to constrain the magnitude of a global CH4 source function. The possible causes of observed seasonality of CH3CCl3, CH4 and CO are identified, and several other aspects of observed CH4 variability are discussed. Possible future research directions are also given.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry (ISSN 0167-7764); 4; 3-42
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  • 7
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    Carbon monoxide in the earth's atmosphere - Indications of a global increase (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Systematic measurements of CO have been taken over the past six to eight years at sites ranging from within the Arctic Circle to the South Pole, and the results are discussed. The rates of increase of the globally averaged concentration are between 0.8 percent and 1.4 percent per year depending on the statistical method used for estimating the trends. These increases may have gone on for much longer because more than half of the atmospheric CO now comes from anthropogenic sources. The rates of increase are largest at midnorthern and tropical latitudes, where most of the sources are located.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 332; 242-245
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Atmospheric trends in methylchloroform and the global average for the hydroxyl radical (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: ALE-GAGE (Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment-Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) data obtained over the seven-year period from July 1978 to June 1985 are presented and interpreted. The data, combined with knowledge of industrial emissions, are used in an optimal estimation inversion scheme to deduce a globally average methylchloroform atmospheric lifetime of 6.3(+ 1.2, - 0.9) years (1 sigma uncertainty) and a globally averaged tropospheric hydroxyl radical concentration of (7.7 + or - 1.4) x 10 to the 5th radicals/cu cm (1 sigma uncertainty). These results provide the most accurate estimates yet of the trends and lifetime of methylchloroform and of the global average for tropospheric hydroxyl radical levels.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 238; 945-950
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  • 9
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    Isoprene over the Amazon Basin (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Data obtained during the 1985 ABLE expedition to the Amazon are used to describe the diurnal and vertical variations of isoprene. Isoprene is a natural hydrocarbon emitted by many species of trees, particularly those in tropical forests. The concentrations of isoprene at lower levels in the atmosphere undergo large diurnal variations, with the highest concentrations during midday and the lowest during the night. At ground level, outside the forest, peak concentrations of about 3-parts per billion by volume (ppbv) of isoprene were observed around midday. Concentrations were nearly zero before sunrise, increased to their maximum values during the day, and declined after sunset. Concentrations of 1-2 ppbv of isoprene were observed up to 300 m. Near the canopy level, up to 8 ppbv of isoprene were observed. In the forest, concentrations are generally quite low below the canopy and are highest at the level of the canopy. Since the reaction of isoprene with OH radicals is extremely fast, its concentrations fall off rapidly with altitude, so that practically none of it was seen above the boundary layer. During nighttime, however, concentrations comparable to daytime values were observed at altitudes of 300 m and above.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 93; 1417-142
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  • 10
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    Atmospheric trace gases - Trends and distributions over the last decade (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Concentrations of the halocarbons CCl3F (F-11), CCl2F2 (F-12), CCl4, and CH3CCl3, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) over the decade between 1975 and 1985 are reported, based on measurements taken every January at the South Pole and in the Pacific Northwest. The concentrations of F-11, F-12, and CH3CCl3 in both hemispheres are now more than twice their concentrations 10 years ago. However, the annual rates of increase of F-11, F-12, and CH3CCl3 are now considerably slower than earlier in the decade, reflecting in part the effects of a ban on their nonessential uses. Continued increases in these trace gas concentrations may warm the earth and deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which may cause widespread climatic changes and affect global habitability.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 232; 1623
    Format: text
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