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  • Other Sources  (6)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
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  • 1
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    Middle atmosphere measurements of small-scale electron density irregularities and ion properties during the MAC/Epsilon campaign (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Rocket payloads designed to measure small scale electron density irregularities and ion properties in the middle atmosphere were flown with each of the three main salvos of the MAC/Epsilon campaign conducted at the Andoya Rocket Range, Norway, during October to November 1987. Fixed bias, hemispheric nose tip probes measured small scale electron density irregularities, indicative of neutral air turbulence, during the rocket's ascent; and subsequently, parachute-borne Gerdien condensers measured the region's polar electrical conductivity, ion mobility and density. One rocket was launched during daylight (October 15, 1052:20 UT), and the other two launches occurred at night (October 21, 2134 UT: November 12, 0021:40 UT) under moderately disturbed conditions which enhanced the detection and measurement of turbulence structures. A preliminary analysis of the real time data displays indicates the presence of small scale electron density irregularities in the altitude range of 60 to 90 km. Ongoing data reduction will determine turbulence parameters and also the region's electrical properties below 90 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, volume 27; p 396-399
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Middle-atmosphere positive ion measurements during solar eclipses (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Solar effects on middle-atmosphere electrical parameters, as demonstrated by eclipse-associated responses of conductivity, ion mobility, and charge density, are considered for the total solar eclipses at Red Lake, Ontario, Canada on February 26, 1979 and at San Marco range, Kenya, on February 16, 1980. Negative-conductivity measurements for the Canadian eclipse and probe-current measurements for the Kenyan eclipse demonstrate a rapid loss of free electrons below 80 km at totality. During the Kenyan eclipse, positive-ion responses were different for each of two distinct ion mobility groups. Between 45 and 60 km, eclipse-related positive-ion responses are associated with the low-mobility ions. It is shown that these ions are lost at totality and that an excess buildup occurs following totality. Above 70 km, positive-ion loss at totality is associated with the more mobile ions and only low-mobility positive ions are measured in this region. The buildup in total ion density following totality is thought to result from a reduction in ion loss associated with weak-electron recovery in the region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Annales Geophysicae (ISSN 0755-0685); 3; 95-101
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Studies of high latitude mesospheric turbulence by radar and rocket. II - Measurements of small scale turbulence (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Measurements of mesospheric small scale turbulence and associated larger scale wave structures were obtained from rocket probe flights during equinox in spring 1985. The measurements were verified by data from the mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere radar at Poker Flat, Alaska. Electron density irregularities down to an altitude of about 62 km and fluctuations in positive ion density in the altitude region from 50 to 90 km were measured. Turbulence in the inertial subrange was observed at heights where the fluctuations generally were largest. Measurement of background electron density exhibited gradients relative to the monotonically increasing density profile, suggesting the presence of large amplitude wave motions transporting the plasma by mixing. The radar detected the occurrence of 1-3 km wavelike perturbations superimposed on a 7-km wave in the wind velocity field. It is suggested that the 1-3 km waves are more important in the transport of energy and momentum and in the production of turbulence in the lower mesosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 50; 963-976
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Response of the middle atmosphere to Sco X-1 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: On the night of Mar. 9, 1983 (UT) at Punta Lobos Launch Site, Peru (12.5 deg S, 76.8 deg W, magnetic dip -0.7 deg), a sequence of sounding rockets was flown to study the electrical structure of the equatorial middle atmosphere and to evaluate perturbations on this environment induced by the X-ray star Sco X-1. The rocket series was anchored by two Nike Orion payloads (31.032 and 31.033) which were launched at 0327 and 0857 UT, near Sco X-1 star-rise and after it had attained an elevation angle of 70 deg E. An enhanced flux of X-rays was observed on the second Nike Orion flight (31.033). This increase is directly attributed to Sco X-1, both from the spectral properties of the measured X-ray distribution and by spatial information acquired from a spinning X-ray detector during the upleg portion of the 31.033 flight. Simultaneously, a growth in ion conductivity and density was seen to occur in the lower mesosphere between 60 and 80 km on the second flight, specifically in the region of maximum energy deposition by the Sco X-1 X-rays. The results imply the presence of a significant number of ionized heavy constituents within the lower mesosphere, with masses possibly in the submacroscopoic range.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 47; 845-852
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    A diurnal study of the electrical structure of the equatorial middle atmosphere (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Electrical parameters measured from 115 km down to below 20 km during the Project Condor campaign at the Punta Lobos Rocket Range near Lima, Peru, are presented. Ten rocket-launched payloads measured electrical conductivity. A strong diurnal influence due to solar ultraviolet radiation is shown. Nine of the payloads also measured electric fields. No large mesospheric vertical electric fields are found in the data. A calculation of the dc global conduction current density at 18 km is smaller than previously measured at low latitudes and does not show the conventional diurnal variation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics (ISSN 0021-9169); 47; 835-844
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Electrical measurements in the atmosphere and the Ionosphere over an active thunderstorm. II - Direct current electric fields and conductivity (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: On August 9, 1981, a series of three rockets was launched over an air mass thunderstorm off the eastern seaboard of Virginia while simultaneous stratospheric and ground-based electric field measurements were made. The conductivity was substantially lower at most altitudes than the conductivity profiles used by theoretical models. Direct current electric fields over 80 mV/m were measured as far away as 96 km from the storm in the stratosphere at 23 km altitude. No dc electric fields above 75 km altitude could be identified with the thunderstorm, in agreement with theory. However, vertical current densities over 120 pA/sq m were seen well above the classical 'electrosphere' (at 50 or 60 km). Frequent dc shifts in the electric field following lightning transients were seen by both balloon and rocket payloads. These dc shifts are clearly identifiable with either cloud-to-ground (increases) or intercloud (decreases) lightning flashes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 9824-983
    Format: text
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