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  • 1
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    Studies of extended planetary atmospheres (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Telescopic observations were made of gases and plasmas in the Jupiter system, and related phenomena such as the recently-discovered sodium atmosphere of Mercury. Sodium absorption in Io's atmosphere was observed to distances as large as 5 Io radii during the mutual-eclipse season of the Jovian satellites. Analysis of Jovian disk spectra has proceeded, as planned, from an emphasis on the H2 ortho-para ratio to analysis of methane absorptions and determination of cloud structure. Several 2-channel photometers were constructed in 1978 for the Uranus event at which the rings were discovered and a smaller, single-channel unit was built more recently. Although the photometers themselves are still fully usable, the data-acquisition systems have major deficiencies.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 34-35
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  • 2
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    Search for volatiles in the surface of icy satellites (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: It is proposed to measure the reflectance spectra of the icy satellites of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus in the spectral region 1.8 to 2.4 micrometers. These observations use the new Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer using a 32-element InSb photodiode array detector and produce spectra of higher resolution and precision than any data yet obtained; the ultimate scientific objective is to search for the signatures of methane clathrate, ammonium hydroxide or carbon monoxide clathrate (compounds predicted to exist on icy surfaces in the outer solar system by several theories of formation of these bodies) in the region of the spectrum where water ice has a relative maximum in reflectance. At the very least, these data will allow upper limits to be placed on the amount of these chemical species that can be present. The specific targets is Europa, Ganymede, Enceladus, Ariel and Titania, bodies that have the highest probability of having some or all of these volatiles on their surface according to current formation models.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 20
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  • 3
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    Infrared observations of small solar-system bodies (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Observations of Europa using the Cooled Grating Array Spectrometer have resulted in the discovery of new absorption features in the spectrum of the trailing side of Europa which have been attributed to either magnetospherically implanted sulfur compounds or recently emplaced hydrates of ammonia. More observations are planned to determine which of these two classes of compounds are responsible. Two asteroid occultations have been observed so far, but with some negative results (the occultations paths shifted sufficiently that the groups responsible for timing the visual occultation got no data). High-quality data in the thermal infrared were obtained nevertheless; those data are useful for constraint of thermal models of asteroids and will be analyzed in that context. Work was completed to perfect a computer code that will fit a triaxial-ellipsoid thermal model to the IR data while constrained by the visual lightcurve.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 78-79
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  • 4
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    International Halley Watch: Discipline specialists for radio science (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Some 34 radio observatories in 18 countries are participating in the Radio Science Net of the International Halley Watch. Approximately 100 radio astronomers are contributing to this effort, which has included observations of comets P/Crommelin and P/Giacobini-Zinner as well as P/Halley. It is clear that the record of data for the 18 cm OH ground state lambda doublet, which provides fundamental information on the gas production rate, kinematics, and potentially the magnetic field in the coma, will be vastly more complete and of higher accuracy than has even been obtained on any previous comet. The coverage by a number of radio observatories will enable short period variations to be studied and correlated with simultaneous data obtained at other wavelengths. Likewise, the first definitive detection of the important parent molecule hydrogen cyanide in a comet was obtained and is being studied by groups in the United States, Sweden, and France. The first detection of the comet with the Very Large Array telescope operated by NRAO was achieved and has produced exciting results for the distribution of emission at high angular resolution from the OH radical. At this writing data are still being obtained and being processed, and there are still strong indications that exciting information will be obtained from radar studies of P/Halley and from searches for additional parent molecules.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 177-178
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  • 5
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    Quadratic resonance in the three-dimensional oscillations of inviscid drops with surface tension (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The moderate-amplitude, three-dimensional oscillations of an inviscid drop are described in terms of spherical harmonics. Specific oscillation modes are resonantly coupled by quadratic nonlinearities caused by inertia, capillarity, and drop deformation. The equations describing the interactions of these modes are derived from the variational principle for the appropriate Lagrangian by expressing the modal amplitudes to be functions of a slow time scale and by preaveraging the Lagrangian over the time scale of the primary oscillations. Stochastic motions are predicted for nonaxisymmetric deformations starting from most initial conditions, even those arbitrarily close to the axisymmetric shapes. The stochasticity is characterized by a redistribution of the energy contained in the initial deformation over all the degrees of freedom of the interacting modes.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Physics of Fluids (ISSN 0031-9171); 29; 2788-279
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  • 6
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    Confining hot spots in 3C 196 - Implications for QSO-companion galaxies (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: VLBI observations of the extremely compact hot spot in the northern radio lobe of the QSO 3C 196 reveal the angular size of its smallest substructure to be 0.065 arcsec x 0.045 arcsec or about 300 pc at the redshift distance. The morphology of the hot spot and its orientation relative to the more diffuse radio emission suggest that it is formed by an oblique interaction between the nuclear QSO jet and circum-QSO cloud. The inferred density in this cloud, together with its apparent size, imply that the cloud contains a galactic mass, greater than a billion solar masses of gas. The effect of the jet will be to hasten gravitational collapse of the cloud. If many QSOs such as 3C 196 are formed or found in gas-rich environments, the QSO radio phase may commonly stimulate the metamorphosis of circum-QSO gas to QSO-companion galaxies or it may play a significant part in catalyzing star formation in existing companions.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 306; 107-109
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  • 7
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    Thermal-capillary analysis of Czochralski and liquid encapsulated Czochralski crystal growth (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are presented from finite element analysis of the Czochralski (CZ) and Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) crystal growth processes based on a thermal-capillary model which governs the heat transfer in the system simultaneously with setting the shapes of the melt/solid interface, the melt and encapsulant menisci, and the radius of a steadily growing crystal. Calculations are performed for the small-scale growth of silicon (CZ) and gallium arsenide (LEC). The effects of melt volume and crucible position relative to the heater on the radius of the crystal and the shape of the melt/solid interface are predicted for the CZ system, and the importance of including an accurate representation of the melt meniscus for modeling the process is demonstrated. The additional effect of an encapsulant layer on heat transfer is treated for the LEC method for the cases of totally transparent and opaque encapsulant. The responses of these LEC prototype systems are examined for changes in pull rate and encapsulant volume.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Crystal Growth (ISSN 0022-0248); 74; 605-624
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  • 8
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    Convection and mass-transport in laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Gas flow and energy and species transport in laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LICVD) of amorphous silicon films by silane pyrolysis are analyzed by finite element analysis of a two-dimensional model for the process. Spatial nonuniformity of the deposited film is shown to result from diffusion controlled transport of products between the beam and substrate. Deposition profiles are affected by buoyancy-driven convection only at increased gas pressures. Horizontal orientation of the reactor with respect to gravity is optimal because the stagnation-like flow, that results adjacent to the substrate, enhances mixing, and smoothes the film profile.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: Electrochemical Society, Journal (ISSN 0013-4651); 135; 697-706
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  • 9
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    The global forest ecosystem as viewed by ERS-1, SIR-C and EOS (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A program is presented to perform coordinated global experiments designed to use the unique features of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors such as the ones on ERS-1, SIR-C and EOS to characterize the physical nature of forest stands as input to global ecosystem and climatology models. Details about the objectives, program and expected results are presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 10
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    Convection and bulk transport (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Progress in the theoretical understanding of transport phenomena for materials processing systems in a microgravity environment is assessed. Fluid experiments and processing in space may be performed without containers. Processes that are secondary on the earth may become significant in space, e.g., the natural oscillation of a fluid. Results are summarized from experiments on oscillatory behavior, the effects of electrical charge, and nonaxisymmetric disturbances in suspended drops in a microgravity environment.
    Keywords: MATERIALS PROCESSING
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