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  • Other Sources  (20)
  • 1985-1989  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (12)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
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  • 1
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    Downward longwave surface radiation from sun-synchronous satellite data - Validation of methodology (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An extensive study has been carried out to validate a satellite technique for estimating downward longwave radiation at the surface. The technique, mostly developed earlier, uses operational sun-synchronous satellite data and a radiative transfer model to provide the surface flux estimates. The satellite-derived fluxes were compared directly with corresponding ground-measured fluxes at four different sites in the United States for a common one-year period. This provided a study of seasonal variations as well as a diversity of meteorological conditions. Dome heating errors in the ground-measured fluxes were also investigated and were corrected prior to the comparisons. Comparison of the monthly averaged fluxes from the satellite and ground sources for all four sites for the entire year showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and a standard error of estimate of 10 W/sq m. A brief description of the technique is provided, and the results validating the technique are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0733-3021); 25; 1012-102
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Infrared limb-darkening effects for the earth-atmosphere system (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 23; 405-409
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  • 3
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    Preferential concentration of certain elements in smaller aerosols emitted from aircraft engines (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Aerosols from aircraft engines were collected with an eight-stage cascade sampler for a period of 24 h. The aerosol samples from each stage were analyzed for their elemental composition using the proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique. Seventeen elements (Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Nb, Sn, and Pb) were positively identified and quantitated at each stage. Six elements (S, Ca, Fe, Zn, Sn, and Pb) showed a fractional concentration increase with decreasing aerosol size. Similar, but less well-defined, trends were also observed for V and Ni. Silicon and chlorine, on the other hand, showed an opposite trend. Neutron-activation analysis of bulk aerosol samples collected every 2 h over the same period showed a correlation between concentration of Si, Ca, V, Ti, Zn, Br, and Sn and the density of air traffic at the airport. Analysis of the aviation-fuel samples by PIXE indicates that major fractions of Pb, Sn, Br, Zn, Ni, Fe, V, Ca, and S observed in these aerosol studies come from the aircraft engine exhaust.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 46; Oct. 197
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Pulsed emission of TeV gamma rays from Vela pulsar (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-11
    Description: The Ooty atmospheric Cerenkov array, consisting of 10 parabolic mirrors of 0.9 m diameter and 8 of 1.5 m diameter, was used for observations on the Vela pulsar to see if it emits gamma rays in the TeV energy range. During the winter of 1984-85, the array was split into two parts: (1) consisting wholly of the smaller mirrors, and (2) wholly of the bigger mirrors. The two arrays were operated at two different sites to distinguish a marginally significant genuine pulsar signal from spurious signals produced trivially by chance fluctuations in the background rates. All the mirrors were pointed at the celestial object to track it for durations of the order of 1 to 6 hours during clear moonless nights. The event time data is analyzed to detect a possible pulsed emission of TeV gamma rays using the contemporaneous pulsar elements on the basis of their radio observations on the Vela pulsar. Results from the analyses of observations made during the winters of 1982-83 and 1984-85 on steady pulsed emission and on possible transient emission is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 159-160; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 5
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    Ground temperature measurement by PRT-5 for maps experiment (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A simple algorithm and computer program were developed for determining the actual surface temperature from the effective brightness temperature as measured remotely by a radiation thermometer called PRT-5. This procedure allows the computation of atmospheric correction to the effective brightness temperature without performing detailed radiative transfer calculations. Model radiative transfer calculations were performed to compute atmospheric corrections for several values of the surface and atmospheric parameters individually and in combination. Polynomial regressions were performed between the magnitudes or deviations of these parameters and the corresponding computed corrections to establish simple analytical relations between them. Analytical relations were also developed to represent combined correction for simultaneous variation of parameters in terms of their individual corrections.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-158966
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  • 6
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    Search for TeV gamma rays from extragalactic sources and the Galactic Center (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Ooty atmospheric Cerenkov array was used in 1982-83 to see if the galactic center and the extra-galactic sources 3C 273, Centaurus A emit gamma rays at TeV energies. The ON/OFF method was used wherein the source was tracked for 16 minutes and immediately afterwards, a background region in the same zenith angle range was tracked for the next 16 minutes. Data were taken for approx 15 hours (55 scans) on 3C273, approx 7 hours (26 scans) on Cen A and 5 hours (19 scans) on galactic center. A preliminary analysis involving direct comparison of total rates on and off the source shows no significant excess from any of these orbits. Results of detailed analysis using different energy thresholds are presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.7-1 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf., Vol. 1; p 263
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  • 7
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    Observations on TeV gamma rays from Geminga and PSR 0950+08 (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Geminga (2 CG 195+04) which exhibits a periodicity with a period of 59 to 60 s in its emission of X-rays, GeV gamma rays and TeV gamma rays was studied. During the winter of 1984 to 1985, this object was observed to see if it emits TeV gamma rays with a periodicity approx 60 s. The observations were carried out at two different sites separated by 11 Km with the Ooty Atmospheric Cerenkov Array split into two parts. Data were collected during clear moonless nights for a total duration of 15.3 hours spread over 2 months. Since the first time derivative of period is believed to be large and uncertain. The total data are subdivided into segments of duration not more than 3 days each to steer clear of the effects of P in the phase analysis. If TeV gamma ray signals are seen in each of these segments, it is possible to derive P from observed data.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.4-6 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 181-182; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 8
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    Secondary periodicities of microbursts of TeV gamma rays from the Crab pulsar (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Observations were made during the past several years on the Crab pulsar using the Ooty atmospheric Cerenkov array with the aim of detecting possible emission of ultra high energy gamma rays by the pulsar. During the course of these observations, it was found that the Crab pulsar emits TeV gamma rays in bursts of short duration. The microbursts of TeV gamma rays from the Crab pulsar, which were seen in the data of at least three years, also reveal interesting secondary periodicities. It was noticed at first that some bursts could be connected with the others that occurred during the same night or during the next two nights with integral number of cycles of periods 43 + or - 1 minute. Ten possible periods in the vicinity of 43 minutes were determined for all the combinations of bursts for each year. The best values of periods thus obtained were different from year to year. But when, instead of the real time, the number of Crab cycles elapsed between the bursts was used as the unit of time, two values of burst periods - 77460 and 77770 Crab cycles - were found to be significant in the data of at least two years. A Monte Carlo simulation using 1500 trial periods chosen randomly within + or - 5 minutes of the original burst period did not reveal any value of the period as significant.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.3-5 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 144; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 9
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    Microburst of TeV gamma rays from the Crab pulsar (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Data on Crab pulsar from atmospheric Cerenkov array at Ooty have shown emission of TeV gamma rays in the form of microbursts. These are a series of events which are unusually closely spaced in time with time separations of less than 1.5 milliseconds. The phasogram of events in the bursts when analyzed with the Crab pulsar period shows significant peaks. Data further show that the signal is at the same absolute phase as the radio peak. Monte Carlo calculations show that the probability of peaks being due to chance is very small.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: OG-2.3-4 , 19th Intern. Cosmic Ray Conf - Vol. 1; p 143; NASA-CP-2376-VOL-1
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of upwelling infrared radiance from earth's atmosphere (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Basic equations for calculating the upwelling atmospheric radiation are presented which account for various sources of radiation coming out at the top of the atmosphere. The theoretical formulation of the transmittance models (line-by-line and quasi-random band model) and the computational procedures used for the evaluation of the transmittance and radiance are discussed in detail. By employing the Lorentz line-by-line and quasi-random computer programs, model calculations were made to determine the upwelling radiance and signal change in the wave number interval of CO fundamental band. These results are useful in determining the effects of different interfering molecules, water vapor profiles, ground temperatures, and ground emittances on the upwelling radiance and signal change. This information is of vital importance in establishing the feasibility of measuring the concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere from a gas filter correlation instrument flown on an aircraft or mounted on a satellite.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-145711 , TR-75-T14
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