ALBERT

Beschreibung: In this paper, yearlong in situ wind measurements at a 3.8-m height, obtained at three sites along the Pacific equator (95, 110, and 152 deg W), were used to estimate the number of random observations required per month for monthly mean wind speeds accurate to 1.0 m/s and 0.5 m/s. Wind measurements were made with a vector-averaging wind recorder mounted on a surface-following toroid float, which measured speed continuously, and direction nearly continuously. For equatorial Pacific winds in the 95 to 152 deg W region, the typical numbers of random wind observations required per month were found to be about nine for a 1.0 m/s accuracy, and 35 for a 0.5 m/s accuracy. The corresponding number of ship winds would likely be greater. The number of random observations required increased westward and was highly correlated with monthly mean standard deviations.

Beschreibung: Wind measurements at 3.8 m from a surface-following toroid and at 4.0 m from a vertically stable spar were compared to estimate the influence of mooring motion. Buoys were separated by 9 km. Data were obtained at 15-min intervals for 41 days in the equatorial Pacific, where the maximum 15-min averaged wind speed was 9.0 m/s and wind speeds averaged 4.5 m/s. Toroid wind speeds were 3.5 percent greater than the spar data, and the correlation coefficient between 15-min toroid and spar data was 0.92. The frequency of the 50-percent noise level was 0.125 cph, and the correlation coefficient between 8-hour averaged toroid and spar data was 0.98. Toroid 8-hour averaged wind speeds referenced to 10-m height were 2 percent larger thancorresponding spar data.

Beschreibung: SST maps and imagery derived from the NOAA 6 satellite AVHRR for June and July 1981 in the eastern tropical Pacific portray the wavelike structure of the cool water along the equator from 93 deg W to 125 deg W. Cusped waves of approximately 1000-km zonal wavelength and 25-day period propagated westward with a phase speed of 40 km/day. The observed meridional extent between the crest and trough of the waves is about 300 km. Details in the imagery show cooler water at the cusps advected north and then east with the north equatorial countercurrent (NECC), consistent with the suggestion of a series of anticyclonic eddies occupying the shear zone between the NECC and the westward flowing south equatorial current. Absolute SST estimates from the AVHRR data agree to within 0.6 C with shipboard data taken along 110 deg W between 5 deg N and 5 deg S. The wavelike structures in the SST maps are also in agreement at the surface with a vertical expendable bathythermograph temperature section made along the equator between 93 deg W and 125 deg W, which shows the phase of the waves tilting westward with increasing depth over the upper 75 m. Such a phase shift, if it extended 100-200 km meridionally in either direction from the equator, would be associated with an equatorward flux of heat. Similar phase shifts appear in temperature time series at depths of 20 and 50 m, from a mooring at 0-deg 33-min N, 110-deg 30-min W. Near-surface currents measured at this and a second mooring on the equator at 109-deg 40-min W indicate a regular pattern of northward advection when wave cusps pass them, followed by southwest flow during the passage of wave troughs, again consistent with an equatorward flux of heat, as well as with earlier theoretical and drift buoy findings.

Beschreibung: The first long-term, near equatorial, near surface moored current measurements recorded in the Pacific Ocean west of 160 deg W were made at 0 deg, 150 deg E during August 2, 1985 to February 1, 1986. These data revealed 17.5-day period oscillations of the meridional current. Prior to these measurements, these waves had only been observed eastward of about 165 deg W, which also was the westernmost extent of their appearance in ocean general circulation model simulations. The 17.5-day period waves also occurred in simultaneous current measurements at 140 deg W, where the wave amplitude was 3 times greater. At both sites the 17.5-day period wave amplitude was more than 50 percent of the record-length standard deviations of the meridional current component. A wider spectral bandwidth and a smaller tendency towards rectilinear motion occurred at 150 E than at 140 W.

Beschreibung: The results of an extensive imaging and spectroscopic follow-up of the objective prism-selected emission line galaxy (ELG) sample of Wasilewski (1982) are presented. Fluxes at 12, 25, 60, and 100 microns were also obtained from the coadded IRAS survey data. ELGs found by objective prism surveys are found to be generally small and underluminous galaxies which usually have higher than average optical surface brightness. The Seyfert detection rate in objective prism surveys is roughly 10 percent and the ratio of the space densities of Seyfert 2 to Seyfert 1 galaxies is significantly larger than unity. Most of the galaxies selected by objective prism surveys are star-forming, late-type spirals which often show disturbed morphology. About 25 percent of the galaxies detected by the surveys are faint, high-excitation metal-poor compact H II regions.

Beschreibung: Seasat A scatterometer measurements of surface wind components made under normal weather conditions during August and September 1978 are examined. The longitudinal distributions of the monthly mean zonal component for each season are described. The average monthly mean slope of the wave number spectra throughout the 550- to 2200-km wavelength band was -1.7. The spectra levels of the zonal wind, but not the meridional component, are substantially different in each equatorial ocean.

Beschreibung: Moored surface wind measurements were recorded along the Pacific equator at 140, 124, 110, and 95 deg W during portions of 1980-1985. Minimum record length is one year. The annual mean and monthly mean westward speeds at 110 deg W were about 1.5 m/s higher during the year preceding the 1982-1983 El Nino than in the year following this event. The annual cycle, which moved westward at about 0.8 m/s, consisted of weak westward and northward speeds in February-April and vice versa in September-October. The spectral slope between 5-day and 0.05-day periods was -1.5. The rms amplitude of the 95-percent statistically significant diurnal period oscillation was 0.3 m/s, and the meridional component was nearly twice as large as the zonal component. The diurnal period wave was coherent (at the 95-percent confidence level) between 95 and 124 deg W, with westward phase propagation of about 138 m/s. No statistically significant spectral peak was found in the 40- to 50-day intraseasonal period band. The surface zonal ocean current component, which reached approximately 0.5 and -0.5 m/s in April and October, respectively at 110 deg W, influenced the surface wind stress computed from the quadratic bulk aerodynamic formulation by 10-20 percent.

Beschreibung: Laboratory work on the photochemistry of HC3N, C4N2, and CH3CN in relation to their possible role as CN parent molecules in comets is discussed. Photodissociation of HC3N, photolysis of C4N2, and quantum yields of excited CN(B) and CN(A) radicals from the VUV photolysis of CH3CN are considered.

Beschreibung: Surface reactions involving O atoms are likely to be highly exoergic, with different consequences if energy is channeled mostly to product molecules or surface modes. Thus the surface may become a source of excited species which can react elsewhere, or a sink for localized heat deposition which may disrupt the surface. The vibrational energy distribution of the product molecule contains strong clues about the flow of released energy. Two instructive examples of energy partitioning at surfaces are the Pt catalyzed oxidations: (1) C(ads) + O(ads) yields CO* (T is greater than 1000 K); and (2) CO(ads) + O(gas) yields CO2* (T is approx. 300 K). The infrared emission spectra of the excited product molecules were recorded and the vibrational population distributions were determined. In reaction 1, energy appeared to be statistically partitioned between the product CO and several Pt atoms. In reaction 2, partitioning was non-statistical; the CO2 asymmetric stretch distribution was inverted. In gas reactions these results would indicate a long lived and short lived activated complex. The requirement that Pt be heated in O atoms to promote reaction of atomic O and CO at room temperature is specifically addressed. Finally, the fraction of released energy that is deposited in the catalyst is estimated.

Beschreibung: A line due to Ni 2 7378 in the Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068, 2110, 3227, 4151, 5506, and Arp 102 B was detected. The average Ni abundance is about 2 times solar, which is 5 times less than in the filaments of the Crab Nebula. This argues for nucleosynthetic processing in the latter. The Ni 2 line is spatially revolved in NGC 1068, and shows at least a factor of 4 enhancement in the Ni abundance away from the nucleus. The off-nuclear abundance of Ni in NGC 1068 approaches that of the Crab, which strongly suggests that type supernovae enriched the off-nuclear gas clouds.