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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1986), S. 73-86 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Copolymerisation von Acrylamid (AM) mit N-(1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamid (PDAAM) wurde im Bereich von 5 bis 20% PDAAM in der Ausgangsmischung untersucht. Die Copolymerenzusammensetzungen wurden mit Hilfe der Elementaranalyse und der 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie ermittelt. Untersuchungen des Reaktivitätsverhältnisses wurden durchgeführt und der Wert des Produktes r1 r2 zu 2,20 bestimmt. Die Molekulargewichte der Copolymeren sinken mit steigendem PDAAM-Gehalt in der Ausgangsmischung. Die Mikrostruktur der Copolymeren wurde aus den experimentell bestimmten Reaktivitätsverhältnissen ermittelt. Diese Modellstrukturen wurden zur Abschätzung der Beziehung zwischen Struktur und Eigenschaften in verdünnter Lösung verwendet, die in einer nachfolgenden Veröffentlichung vorgestellt wird.
    Notes: The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamide (PDAAM) has been studied in the range from 5 to 20% PDAAM in the feed. The copolymer compositions have been determined from elemental analysis and 13C-NMR. Reactivity ratio studies have been performed and the value of r1 r2 determined to be 2.20. The molecular weights of the copolymers were found to decrease with increasing PDAAM content in the feed. The copolymer microstructures were predicted from the experimentally determined reactivity ratios. These model structures are utilized for assessment of structure/dilute solution property relationships reported in a subsequent paper in this series.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Lösungseigenschaften von Copolymeren aus Acrylamid (AM) und N-(1,1-Dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamid (PDAAM) mit bekanntem Molekulargewicht wurden in Abhängigkeit von der Zusammensetzung, von zugesetzten Elektrolyten und der Polymerkonzentration untersucht. Arrhenius-Untersuchungen wurden mit Hilfe der Viskosimetrie und der NMR-Spektroskopie durchgeführt. Untersuchungen der Phasenseparation wurden mit Hilfe von Trübungstitrationen vorgenommen. Die Lösungseigenschaften der AM-PDAAM-Copolymeren werden durch die Anwesenheit von intramolekularen hydrophoben Wechselwirkungen bestimmt. Diese Wechselwirkungen können zu einer Abnahme der hydrodynamischen Ausdehnungen im Vergleich zu Polyacrylamid mit ähnlichem Molekulargewicht führen.
    Notes: Solution properties of copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)-N-(n-propyl)acrylamide (PDAAM) of known molecular weight have been studied as a function of composition, added electrolytes, and polymer concentration. Arrhenius-type studies have been performed by viscometry and NMR to assess the effects of temperature. Phase separation studies have also been performed using turbidimetry. The solution properties of the AM-PDAAM copolymers are dictated by the presence of intramolecular hydrophobic interactions. These interactions may result in decreased hydrodynamic dimensions relative to polyacrylamide of similar molecular weight.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 45-59 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Characteristic behavior in the graft copolymerization of acrylamide/N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxybutyl)acrylamide (AM/DAAM) comonomers onto dextran by Ce(IV)-induced initiation was investigated. From a preliminary study, it was found that ceric ammonium nitrate polymerized AM/DAAM comonomer mixtures and diacetone acrylamide, but not acrylamide alone in the aqueous solution. The effect of grafting conditions on the graft copolymerization product was studied with the aid of aqueous size exclusion chromatography and the anthrone reagent. The selectivity of formation of the graft copolymer over random copolymer was found to increase as the reaction temperature and AM/DAAM ratio increased and as both the Ce(IV)/Dextran molar ratio and HNO3 concentration decreased. After establishing optimum grafting conditions, graft copolymer samples were prepared, and their aqueous solution behavior studied as functions of structure, temperature, and added salts.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The behavior of N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide more commonly known as diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) polymers and acrylamide/diacetone acrylamide copolymers in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions has been examined. 13C NMR and IR studies do not support the formation of a six-membered hydrogen-bonded ring structure in the DAAM moiety as an explanation of the unusual increase in solution viscosity shown by these copolymers upon addition of salt. A 12-membered hydrogen-bonded structure involving the diacetone acrylamide side chain and an adjacent acrylamide unit is proposed which is consistent with the available data and which would explain the viscosity behavior. Another possible structure involves hydrogen bonding between adjacent comonomers through amide/imine resonance structures. Copolymer microstructure as indicated by calculated pentad and triad frequencies supports either of these proposed structures.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2619-2634 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dilute solution properties of copolymers of acrylamide (AM) with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB) of known molecular weight have been studied as a function of composition, temperature, time, pH, and added electrolytes. Phase separation and potentiometric studies have also been performed. The AM-NaAMB copolymers exhibit high solution viscosities, good salt tolerance, and moderate viscosity-temperature coefficients. In addition, these copolymers exhibit no phase separation in the presence of divalent cations as is common with many such carboxylated polyelectrolytes. These properties are due to favorable conformations in solution resulting from microstructure and hydrogen bonding effects.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 2635-2645 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with sodium-3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate (NaAMB) has been studied. The value of r1r2 has been determined to be 0.56 for the AM-NaAMB pair. The molecular weights of the copolymers were relatively unaffected by monomer feed ratios. The copolymer microstructures, including run numbers and sequence distributions, were calculated from the reactivity ratios. The solution properties of the AM-NaAMB copolymers, as well as the NaAMB homopolymer, will be reported in a subsequent paper.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 1329-1337 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spectroscopic and potentiometric methods have been used to study the ionic properties of several N-substituted acrylamide copolymers that display unusual ion-binding character. The ionic groups and the amide groups (both on the same repeating unit and on adjacent acrylamide units) in the copolymers are found to chelate calcium ions. The stabilizing effect of this amide chelation is found to be dependent on copolymer composition. A model is proposed to explain the unusual binding behavior of the acrylamide polymers. This involves the formation of an intramonomer chelate or one with neighboring acrylamide units that prevent precipitation of the polymers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 23 (1989), S. 1027-1047 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The surface reactivity of the dog heartworm (D. immitis) was evaluated by comprehensive contact angle measurements and a platelet retention test. Contact angle data yielded calculated surface energy terms very similar to those previously reported for intact vascular endothelium. The platelet test revealed the native worm surface to be nonreactive, retaining fewer platelets than glass or worms whose surfaces had been modified by extraction with acid and high salt solutions. The cuticular morphology of the heartworm was studied with both light and electron microscopy, the latter coupled with ferritin-conjugated double-layer immunolabeling to reveal adsorbed host protein on the cuticle surfaces. Multiple attenuated internal reflection (MAIR) IR spectroscopy confirmed the general composition of this surface layer to be glycoproteinaceous. Morphological and histochemical studies confirmed and extended previous descriptions of nematode cuticle, adding ultrastructural detail on cortical, medial, and basal layers. A trilaminar membrane, apparently corresponding to a mammalian cell membrane (plasmalemma), constituted the external cortical layer as observed in high magnifications. The existence of a glycocalyx of varying thickness was demonstrated in ruthenium red-stained sections. MAIR IR spectra showed this glycoproteinaceous film to appear, in fully hydrated samples, as a loose biological gel. Ferritin-antibody conjugate labeling confirmed the presence of adsorbed dog albumin, dog immunoglobulin class G (IgG) and dog complement fraction 3 (C3) in the cuticular surface layer. It is likely, therefore, that D. immitis heartworms demonstrate long-term thromboresistance at least in part due to their passive low-surface-energy overcoating with host proteins.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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