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  • GEOPHYSICS  (3)
  • 1985-1989  (3)
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  • 1
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    Lidar measurements of thermal structure (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Rayleigh backscatter observations at 532 nm and 355 nm of relative atmospheric density above Aberystwyth on a total of 93 nights between Dec. 1982 and Feb. 1985 were used to derive the height variation of temperature in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. Preliminary results for height up to about 25 km were also obtained from observations of Raman backscattering from nitrogen molecules. Comparisons were carried out for stratospheric heights with satellite borne measurements; good agreement was found between equivalent black body temperatures derived from the lidar observations and those obtained from nadir measurements in three channels of the stratosphere sounder units on NOAA satellites; the lidar based atmospheric temperatures have shown general agreement with but a greater degree of structure than the limb sounding measurements obtained using the SAMS experiment on the NOAA-7 satellite. In summer, stratospheric and mesospheric temperatures showed a smooth height variation similar to that of the CIRA model atmosphere. In contrast, the winter data showed a great variability with height, and marked temperature changes both from night to night and within a given night.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 1 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Observations of stratospheric aerosols associated with the El Chichon eruption (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Lidar observations of aerosols were carried out at Aberystwyth between Nov. 1982 and Dec. 1985 using a frequency doubled and frequency tripled Nd/Yag laser and a receiver incorporating a 1 m diameter in a Newtonian telescope configuration. In analyses of the experimental data attention is paid to the magnitude of the coefficient relating extinction and backscatter, the choice being related to the possible presence of aerosols in the upper troposphere and the atmospheric densities employed in the normalisation procedure. The aerosol loading showed marked day to day changes in early months and an overall decay was apparent only after April 1983, this decay being consistent with an e sup -1 time of about 7 months. The general decay was accompanied by a lowering of the layer but layers of aerosols were shown intermittently at heights above the main layer in winter months. The height variations of photon counts corrected for range, or of aerosol backscatter ratio, showed clear signatures of the tropopause. A strong correlation was found between the heights of the tropopause identified from the lidar measurements and from radiosonde-borne temperature measurements. A notable feature of the observations is the appearance of very sharp height gradients of backscatter ratio which seem to be produced by differential advection.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 1 p
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Lower thermosphere densities of N2, O and Ar under high latitude winter conditions (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Measurements of the neutral thermosphere were conducted in northern Scandinavia during the Energy Budget Campaign. These measurements included determinations of N2, O, and Ar densities using rocket-borne experiments. The results obtained in the experiments are presented, taking into account also details regarding the employed experimental methods, and an evaluation of the significance of the data. It is found that there are striking differences in thermospheric distributions of the neutral constituents under different geomagnetic conditions. Under quiet geomagnetic conditions there was reasonable agreement with the United States Standard Atmosphere. The concentrations of N2 and Ar were about 70 percent of the predicted values, while the O concentration was about 2.5 times greater.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Applications of Tethers in Space: Workshop Proceedings, Volume 1; p 321-328
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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