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  • 1
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    Remote sensing of snow (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The snow parameters affecting sensor responses at different wavelengths are discussed. The effects of snow depth and background radiation on gamma ray sensors and of crystal size, contaminants, snow depth, liquid water, and surface roughness on visible and near-infrared sensors are considered. The influence of temperature, crystal size, and liquid water on thermal infrared sensors and of liquid water, crystal size, water equivalent depth, stratification, snow surface roughness, density, temperature, and soil condition on microwave sensors are addressed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 68; 682-684
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  • 2
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    Thematic Mapper bandpass solar exoatmospheric irradiances (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Based on solar irradiance data published by Neckel and Labs (1984) and Iqbal (1983), the solar exoatmospheric irradiances for Thematic Mapper (TM) bands 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been calculated. Results vary by up to 1 percent from previous published values, which were based on the earlier data of Neckel and Labs. For TM bands 5 and 7, integrated solar exoatmospheric irradiances have also been recalculated using solar irradiance data published by Labs and Neckel (1968), Arvesen et al. (1969), and Iqbal (1983). These irradiances vary by up to 6 percent from previously published results, which were based on data published by Thekaekara (1972).
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 8; 517-523
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  • 3
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    Comparison of in situ and Landsat derived reflectance of Alaskan glaciers (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Reflectances calculated from TM data and corrected for atmospheric effects correspond with in situ measured reflectances in the nadir-viewing mode, and are shown to be related to a glacier's mass balance if measured over a period of years. A reflectance of 0.895 for a test site in the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska, was calculated from TM Band 4 (0.76 - 0.90 micron) data and corrected for atmospheric effects. This value was comparable to the in situ reflectance of 0.90 measured in the same 0.76 - 0.90 micron wavelength region. For the same site, a reflectance value of 0.79 derived from integrating over most (0.40 - 3.0 micron) of the reflective portion of the electromagnetic spectrum was quite different from the integrated reflectance of 0.95 calculated for the spectral range 0.40 - 1.0 micron. This demonstrates the importance of using the full reflective energy spectrum for calculating the albedo of snow, and for obtaining a meaningful computation of a glacier's energy and mass balance change.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 28; 23-31
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  • 4
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    Pilot land data system (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Pilot Land Data System (PLDS) is a multi-institutional effort directed towards solving the data access and management needs of scientists studying the land surface. Some of the hardware and software, which are now available, are reviewed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group, Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, year 3; 4 p
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  • 5
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    Support for global science: Remote sensing's challenge (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Remote sensing uses a wide variety of techniques and methods. Resulting data are analyzed by man and machine, using both analog and digital technology. The newest and most important initiatives in the U. S. civilian space program currently revolve around the space station complex, which includes the core station as well as co-orbiting and polar satellite platforms. This proposed suite of platforms and support systems offers a unique potential for facilitating long term, multidisciplinary scientific investigations on a truly global scale. Unlike previous generations of satellites, designed for relatively limited constituencies, the space station offers the potential to provide an integrated source of information which recognizes the scientific interest in investigating the dynamic coupling between the oceans, land surface, and atmosphere. Earth scientist already face problems that are truly global in extent. Problems such as the global carbon balance, regional deforestation, and desertification require new approaches, which combine multidisciplinary, multinational research teams, employing advanced technologies to produce a type, quantity, and quality of data not previously available. The challenge before the international scientific community is to continue to develop both the infrastructure and expertise to, on the one hand, develop the science and technology of remote sensing, while on the other hand, develop an integrated understanding of global life support systems, and work toward a quantiative science of the biosphere.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group, Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, year 3; 13 p
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  • 6
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    Application of AIS Technology to Forest Mapping (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Concerns about environmental effects of large scale deforestation have prompted efforts to map forests over large areas using various remote sensing data and image processing techniques. Basic research on the spectral characteristics of forest vegetation are required to form a basis for development of new techniques, and for image interpretation. Examination of LANDSAT data and image processing algorithms over a portion of boreal forest have demonstrated the complexity of relations between the various expressions of forest canopies, environmental variability, and the relative capacities of different image processing algorithms to achieve high classification accuracies under these conditions. Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS) data may in part provide the means to interpret the responses of standard data and techniques to the vegetation based on its relatively high spectral resolution.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL Proc. of the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer Data Anal. Workshop; p 141-145
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  • 7
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    A four-layer model for the heat budget of homogeneous land surfaces (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The present model envisions the heat balance of a homogeneous land surface in terms of available energy, a set of driving potentials, and parameters for the physical state of the soil and vegetation. Two unique features of the model are: (1) the expression of the interaction of evaporation from the soil and from foliage by changes in the value of the saturation vapor pressure deficit of air in the canopy (the conclusions of this interaction being consistent with field observations); and (2) the treatment of sensible and latent heat exchange between the atmosphere and a soil consisting of two discrete layers.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal (ISSN 0035-9009); 114; 373-398
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  • 8
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    Remote Sensing Information Sciences Research Group, Santa Barbara Information Sciences Research Group, year 3 (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Research continues to focus on improving the type, quantity, and quality of information which can be derived from remotely sensed data. The focus is on remote sensing and application for the Earth Observing System (Eos) and Space Station, including associated polar and co-orbiting platforms. The remote sensing research activities are being expanded, integrated, and extended into the areas of global science, georeferenced information systems, machine assissted information extraction from image data, and artificial intelligence. The accomplishments in these areas are examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-179769 , NAS 1.26:179769
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  • 9
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    Support for global science - Remote sensing's challenge (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Advances in remote sensing techniques are discussed. The benefits possible to remote sensing with the new Earth Observing System, which is composed of the Space Station and coorbiting and polar satellite platforms, are examined. Current changes in the remote sensing field, which involve a change from an industrial society to an informational society, force technology to high technology with high touch, short term to long term, centralized to decentralized, hierarchies to networks, and either/or to multiple option systems are studied. The explanatory and objective types of analyses for investigating biophysical, geochemical, and socioeconomic processes are described; the procedures include: morphometric, cause and effect, temporal and functional and ecological system analyses, inventory, mapping, monitoring, and modeling.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Geocarto International; 1, 19
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Thermal Band Characterization of the LANDSAT-4 Thematic Mapper (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-18
    Description: The initial characterization of the Thematic Mapper (TM) thermal band is reported including gain stability, gain relation to internal calibration, corrections for channel-to-channel and scan direction differences, an approximate comparison to ground truth, and a calculation of noise equivalent temperature difference. Updated calibration information is also presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization Early Results, Vol. 3, Pt. 2; p 233-256
    Format: text
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