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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An evaluation of DNA fingerprinting for forensic purposes (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 8 (1987), S. 38-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many highly polymorphic minisatellite loci can be detected simultaneously in the human genome by hybridisation to probes consisting of tandem repeats of the ‘core’ sequence. The resulting DNA fingerprints produced by Southern blot hybridisation are comprised of multiple hypervariable DNA fragments, show somatic and germline stability and are completely specific to an individual. DNA of high molecular weight can be isolated from blood and semen stains up to 4 years old. Sperm nuclei can be separated from vaginal debris and the sperm DNA examined in isolation, allowing the positive identification of rapists. Correspondingly, vaginal DNA can be isolated from extracts of penile swabs. DNA can also be isolated from extracts of buccal swabs. A blind trial involving 43 blood samples, 11 bloodstains and 11 semen stains has been successfully carried out. It is envisaged that genetic fingerprinting will shortly form an important part of casework procedure in forensic science laboratories.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150080109
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of MBS emulsion particles in immiscible polystyrene/SAN blends (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of mixing technique and sequence on the distribution of methacrylated-butadienestyrene (MBS) emulsion particles in immiscible blends of polystyrene (PS) and a styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The shell of the emulsion particle is essentially poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is miscible with SAN but immiscible with PS. In simple thermodynamic terms, the MBS particle should have an affinity for SAN over PS. It was found, however, that the sequence of mixing had a strong influence on the location of the MBS particles. If the PS-SAN interface is established before the addition of the MBS particles, the MBS particles are located exclusively in the SAN phase. If the MBS particles are present at the time the PS-SAN interface is formed, then the particles line up at the interface.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of imidized acrylic polymers with SAN copolymers and with PVC (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 513-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of imidized acrylic polymers of varying structural composition generated by reaction of methylamine with poly(methyl methacrylate) were blended with a range of styrene/acrylonitrile or SAN copolymers (0-33% AN) and with poly(vinyl chloride). On the basis of glass transition behavior determined by differential scanning calorimetry, some but not all imidized acrylic structures were found to be miscible with PVC and with SAN copolymers within a limited window of AN levels. Acid functionality in the imidized acrylics appears to hinder their miscibility with SAN rather significantly and with PVC to a lesser extent. Miscible SAN blends showed lower critical solution temperature behavior whereas miscible blends with PVC did not up to the highest attainable temperatures. The composition factors that influence the phase behavior are described and interpreted in terms of possible mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical behavior of dual-rubber-modified SAN (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1563-1571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The use of either an SBS block copolymer or an emulsion-made methyl-methacrylate-grafted rubber alone failed to give any significant increase in the toughness of brittle poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), even at concentrations up to 50%. However, a combination of the two rubber modifiers produced a strong synergistic toughening. All specimens were prepared by injection molding; however, annealing to relax orientation did not significantly alter this synergistic effect. The use of mechanical dilatometry showed that post-yield deformation of blends containing both modifiers involved some crazing just after yielding but subsequent deformation was mostly due to shear yielding. Addition of SBS alone to SAN resulted in a mixed crazing/shear yielding mode of post-yield deformation with the relative proportions of the two mechanisms being constant up to failure. In contrast, the small emulsion graft particles alone gave rise to a predominant shear yielding deformation. A qualitative mechanism for the synergism is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350613
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications of the solvent effect in quantitative capillary gas chromatography of minor constituents in mixtures - a study using deuterium labeled and unlabeled benzofluoranthenes (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 428-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ; Deuterium labeled and unlabeled benzofluoranthenes ; Band broadening and sharpening ; Effects on resolution and quantification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Perdeuterated benzofluoranthenes have slightly shorter retention times than their equivalent unlabeled forms in a DB-5 capillary column. Under column overload conditions, perdeuterated benzofluoranthenes in moderate multifold excesses, which might be encountered in their use as internal standards and carriers for quantitative analysis, are seen to exhibit both normal and reverse solvent effects on their close eluting congeners. In some cases the effects may be used to advantage by knowledgeable analysts, but for the ignorant and unwary the effects can lead to serious errors in identification and quantification.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240100802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubber toughening of polystyrene through reactive blending (1988)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 1427-1433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber having carboxylic acid groups (XNBR) and polystyrene having oxazoline groups, were melt blended in a Rheomix mixer under optimized conditions, The ratio of rubber to polystyrene phase was kept constant at 1:4 by weight. The concentration of the reactive oxazoline groups in the polystyrene phase was varied by mixing polystyrene (PS) with a copolymer of styrene and vinyl oxazoline (OPS). A torque rise observed during blending was found to be related to the concentration of oxazoline-carboxylic acid pairs. This torque rise, and independently measured increases in viscosity, both indicate inter-polymer crosslinkihg. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the blends. Improved rubber phase dispersion was observed with increasing oxazoline concentration. Instrumented impact strength measurements were made using an unnotched Charpy technique. The plastic yielding was then quantified with the use of a ductility ratio. The impact strengths and ductility of the reactive blends are found to be up to 73% greater than those of the corresponding non-reactive blends. Increasing the OPS concentration beyond 5% results in decreasing impact strength, for as the compatibility increases, the rubber particle size decreases below an effective size for rubber toughening. Similar impact improvement is observed when the major PS phase is substituted with high impact polystyrene (HIPS) containing some OPS.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760282112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of reactant heterogeneity and mixing on catabolite repression in cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 1039-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental study was conducted into the effect of reactant heterogeneity on glucose-fed continuous cultures of S. cerevisiae, The heterogeneity was altered by varying mixing intensity in the nutrient entry region within a static mixing device. Experimental results confirm simulation predictions based upon a simple growth model, showing that mixing in the entry region can govern macroscopic culture behavior. Specifically, at high dilution rates, the biomass concentration was reduced by mixing patterns that increased the size of regions where glucose exceeded the threshold for catabolite repression. Because the size of such repressive regions is not uniquely determined by reactant segregation, the authors argue that in biological systems (and others involving a threshold response) an alternative measure of mixing quality should be used. Conclusions are drawn concerning the simulation of biological reactors for design purposes, and the importance of nutrient delivery systems to reactor performance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330813
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