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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 510-513 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 129 (1985), S. 43-59 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Alle Arten von Ruß enthalten große Anteile an ungepaarten Elektronen und organischen funktionellen Gruppen. Die Polymerisation wird wahrscheinlich durch die ungepaarten Elektronen auf der Oberfläche ausgelöst; die funktionellen Gruppen haben auf die auslösende Reaktion einen Promotor-Effekt. Alle Eigenschaften wie Textur, Geometrie, Größe der Oberfläche, pH der wäßrigen Aufschlämmung, Aschegehalt und elementare Zusammensetzung haben Einfluß auf die Polymerisation. Diese einschlägigen physikochemischen und Oberflächen-Eigenschaften von nicht modifiziertem und modifiziertem Ruß N 220 wurden im Hinblick auf die Polymerisation von N-Vinylcarbazol untersucht.
    Notes: All grades of carbon black contain large amounts of unpaired electrons and organic functional groups. Polymerization reaction is possibly initiated by the unpaired electrons on the surface; the functional groups have promotional effect on the initiation process. All the properties like texture, geometry, surface area, pH of the aqueous slurry, ash content, and elemental composition have effects on the polymerization reaction. These pertinent physicochemical and surface properties of unmodified and modified N 220 carbon black have been studied in relation to N-vinylcarbazole polymerization.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 134 (1985), S. 151-164 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Initiatorwirksamkeit von unmodifiziertem und durch Vorbehandlung mit verschiedenen protischen und aprotischen Säuren modifiziertem Ruß N 220 wurde für die Polymerisation von N-Vinylcarbazol untersucht. Die physiko-chemischen Eigenschaften der mit diesen Initiatorsystemen erhaltenen Polymeren wurden durch IR-, Röntgen-, 1H-NMR- und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie, Gelpermeationschromatographie und thermische Analysen untersucht. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen zeigt das entstehende Polymere eine teilweise Unlöslichkeit in Methylethylketon. Im Gegensatz zur üblichen Meinung ist dieses Verhalten nicht auf stereochemische Unterschiede zwischen den Polymereinheiten zurückzuführen, wie durch 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Analysen der in Methylethylketon unlöslichen Fraktion des Polymeren gezeigt wurde.
    Notes: The polymerization initiating activity of carbon black N220, unmodified as well as modified by pretreatment with various protonic and aprotonic acids has been examined in regards to N-vinylcarbazole polymerization. The physico-chemical characteristics of the polymer obtained by these catalyst systems have been investigated by I.R., X-ray, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, gel permeation chromatography and thermal analysis measurements. Under certain conditions the resultant polymer shows some partial insolubility in methylethylketone. Contrary to the usual belief, this is not due to any stereochemical difference between the polymeric entities as observed by 13C-NMR spectrum analysis of the methylethylketone insoluble fraction of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1989), S. 115-125 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Substitution von Chlor in PVC durch 3,6-Diamino-N-methyl-carbazol entsteht ein Kondensat, das in allen Lösungsmitteln für PVC unlöslich ist. Dieses Kondensat ist thermisch stabiler als PVC. Auch die dielektrischen Eigenschaften unterscheiden sich deutlich von denen von PVC. Die Sulfonierung des PVC-Carbazol-Kondensats liefert ein Kationenaustauscherharz mit SO3H- und COOH-Gruppen.
    Notes: The chlorine displacement reaction between PVC and N-methylcarbazole-3,6-diamine affords a condensate which is insoluble in all possible solvents of PVC. The overall thermal stability of this condensate is appreciably higher than that of PVC. The dielectric behavior is also significantly different from that of unmodified PVC. Sulfonation of the PVC-carbazole condensate affords a cation-exchange resin with —SO3H and —COOH functional moieties.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 173 (1989), S. 111-118 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die thermische Ausdehnung von Polyethylen hoher Dichte wurde mit dem Composit-Modell berechnet, das schon mit Erfolg zur Beschreibung der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Wärmeleitfähigkeit verwendet wurde. Die Wechsel der Orientierungen der Baueinheiten, aus denen die Masse des Polymeren aufgebaut ist, wurden aus einer empirischen Beziehung mit zwei Parametern abgeleitet, welche die Autoren vorschlugen. Eine vergleichende Untersuchung über die Variation der Orientierungsparameter mit den Verarbeitungsbedingungen wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt.
    Notes: The thermal expansibility of high density polyethylene is calculated within the framework of the composite model which has already been found useful in describing its mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. The orientational changes of the units of which the bulk of the polymer is supposed to be composed has been derived from a two parameter empirical relation proposed by the authors. A comparative study of the variation of the orientational parameters with processing conditions has also been included.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 6 (1985), S. 353-359 
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1243-1252 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been reacted with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) in THF to form the PVC-DMG comples, which has been characterized by spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The latter indicate that there is one DMG moiety anchored on the PVC chain by displacing every 12th Cl atom in the chain. PVC-DMG has further been reacted with alcoholic solutions of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) to form the intensely colored PVC-DMG-M(II) complexes. The structures of these complexes have been analyzed by elemental and IR spectral analyses. The overall thermal stability of PVC-DMG-M(II) increases in the order: PVC 〈 PVC-DMG-Cu(II) 〈 PVC-DMG-Ni(II) 〈 PVC-DMG-Co(II). The electrical conductivities are also significantly enhanced in the same order. The permittivities of these complexes are high relative to PVC at low frequency falling gradually with increasing frequency and the dielectric loss-frequency behavior is very broad.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1641-1651 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride) has been modified by chlorine displacement reaction with 2-anthrol and anthraquinone-2-ol. The condensates (PVC-ACOL and PVC-AQOL) are insoluble in all solvents common to PVC and have been characterized by elemental and IR spectra analysis. The initial decomposition temperature of these condensates follow the trend: PVC-AQOL (250°C) 〉 PVC-ACOL (200°C) 〉 PVC(190°C) and the overall thermal stabilities beyond 60% decomposition follows the same trend. Permittivity and dielectric loss of these condensates sharply fall with increasing applied frequency (10-1.3 ×107 Hz) to a limiting constant value. In contrast, for unmodified PVC these values are low and remain independent of frequency in the same range. Sulfonation of these PVC condensates affords a weak acid resin with —COOH and —OH ionogenic groups, but no strong sulfonic acid groups due presumably to oxidative degradation of the PVC matrix.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 2247-2258 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effect of pressure (atmospheric to 120 kg/cm2) on the K2S2O8-Na2S2O4-initiated aqueous polymerization of methyl methacrylate has been studied at 25°C. When the concentrations of the redox initiator are so adjusted as to obtain the separating polymer phase as a coarse coagulum, the conversion, rate, and molecular weight of polymerization tend to rise initially with increase of pressure up to a certain value and fall subsequently to a limiting value. However, these parameters fall monotonously with an increase in pressure when the polymer phase separates out as a fine colloid at a lower concentration of the initiator. The initial rise in rate is consistent with an increase in kp and or a decrease in kt under high pressure; the ultimate fall in rate may be due to a decrease in the diffusion of monomer from the aqueous phase to the growing polymer radical site. The fall in the molecular weight with pressure is explained on the basis of enhanced monomer transfer. In the colloidal range the pressure dependence trend is related to the stability of the colloidal phase. The rate is proportional to the square root of the product of K2S2O8-Na2S2O4 and varies linearly as the first power of the monomer concentration as also observed under normal pressure conditions. The MWD values of the polymers are ca. 2.5 and do not change with applied pressure.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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