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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (22)
  • 1985-1989  (22)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A free fluid zone electrophoresis experiment was performed in the microgravity environment of Space Shuttle flight STS-3 (March 1983). The experiment was designed to confirm observations made on the Apollo-Soyuz mission of 1975 and to test the effect of high red blood cell (RBC) concentration on free fluid electrophoresis. Photographic documentation of cell zone progression in one-hour separations of mixtures of formaldehyde-fixed human and rabbit erythrocytes (RBC), which were subjected to a field of approximately 13 V cm-1 in low ionic strength buffer, was analyzed. One of two columns contained 2 × 108 RBC ml-1 (low concentration), and the other contained 1 × 109 RBC ml-1 (high concentration). The observed and calculated leading edge displacements of the RBC in the two columns were in agreement, indicating the absence of unexpected effects of the reduced gravity environment. Post-flight analyses of the contents of the columns was not possible, and additional microgravity experiments are needed to evaluate the role of particle-particle interactions in concentrated suspensions undergoing electrophoresis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenol extracted, alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide (aLPS) from vaccine strain (S19) Brucella abortus was demonstrated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to consist of at least ten silver staining, polydisperse analogues having different pIs. When tested on nitrocellulose immunoblots, all ten were antigenically reactive with bovine anti-B. abortus polyclonal sera, but only six reacted with anti-B. abortus O-antigen murine monoclonal antibody. Analogues focusing at different pIs were concluded to arise from differences in either core or O-antigen side chain structure or because of covalently bound protein. While not qualitatively different, aLPS from pathogenic B. abortus strain 2308 had lesser amounts of analogues 1, 2, 5, 6, and 8 than did aLPS from strain 19 (vaccine). The 2-D gel electrophoresis method was demonstrated to be of value in the analysis of aLPS from B. abortus and may be useful in the study of lipopolysaccharides from other sources.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Macrophages ; monocytes ; radical oxidation ; pteridines ; tetrahydrobiopterin ; dihydrobiopterin ; dihydroneopterin ; chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of normal human monocytes activated by zymosan is demonstrated to be inhibited by tetrahydrobiopterin in a concentration-dependent manner. The reduced pterins tetrahydrobiopterin, dihydrobiopterin, and dihydroneopterin are all shown to be readily oxidized by the hydroxyl radical.The susceptibility of reduced pterins to free radical attack may explain the inhibition of chemiluminescence observed and an additional role of reduced pterins as free radical scavengers in tissues is considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 4 (1986), S. 40-43 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The vegetation eaten by animals on large areas of several continents is deficient in phosphate and deleterious effects on physiology, particularly reproduction, ensue. Records on bone chewing behaviour by both pastoral andwild game animals extend over two centuries. In laboratory investigation of this apt behaviour it has been shown that the appetite for bones is innate and specific and cued predominantly by olfactory stimuli. It is suppressed by rapidly increasing the plasma phosphate concentration to normal but not influenced by increasing the phosphate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. The central organization of this genetically programmed behaviour appears to differ from systems subserving thirst and sodium appetite.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 2 (1988), S. 441-450 
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: analysis ; environmental species ; graphite furnace atomic absorption (GF AA) ; high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ; organolead ; organotin ; signal increase ; trace speciation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (HPLC—GF AA) gives element-specific detection of environmental samples containing trace amounts of organotin or organolead species. The direct GF AA of organotin and organolead species is subject to errors arising primarily from loss of analyte prior to atomization, probably through the formation of refractory carbides and of compounds or complexes that are volatile at low temperatures. Examples abound in the literature of signal suppression in the GF AA of organometallic species in environmental samples, and several furnace tube modifications have been developed to overcome this suppression. Here, the analyte and a modifier are co-pipetted into a conventional furnace tube, from either a solution of analyte or an HPLC effluent. Oxides of transition metals (e.g. chromium, manganese, or tungsten) are shown to enhance both tin and lead signals, whereas chlorides do not, suggesting the low-temperature formation of relatively involatile metal oxides or volatile metal chlorides, respectively. In the absence of modifier, GF AA signal intensities decrease consecutively for equal quantities of mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-butyltin species, but are nearly equal for the first three in the presence of complexing dichromate (Cr2O72-). The lesser signal increase for tetrabutyltin indicates a dissimilar low-temperature complexation chemistry for the fully ligated neutral organometal to that for the ligated ions. similar results are demonstrated in post-column addition of a matrix modifier to effluent containing either organotin or organolead species.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 4325-4335 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the adsorption of various dyestuffs onto chitin have been studied. The dyestuffs used are Neoland Blue 2G, Eriochrome Flavine A, and Solophenyl Brown 3RL and a number of process variables were considered, such as adsorbent mass and dye concentration. The mass transfer model is based on the assumption of a pseudoirreversible isotherm and two resistances to mass transfer. These are external mass transfer and internal pore diffusion mass transfer. The rate of adsorption of dyestuffs onto chitin can thus be described by an external mass transfer coefficient and a pore diffusion coefficient. The external mass transfer coefficients are 5.0 × 10-5, 5.0 × 10-5, and 1.0 × 10-5 m·s-1 and the pore diffusivities are 3.0 × 10-10 and 4.0 × 10-11 m2·s-1 for Neolan Blue 2G, Eriochrome Flavine A, and Solophenyl Brown 3RL, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1249-1257 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A mass transport model has been developed to predict theoretical breakthrough curves in fixed bed adsorbers. The model has been tested using experimental data obtained for the adsorption of Acid Blue 25 on chitin. The effective diffusivity can be determined for the adsorption process by best fitting experimental and theoretical breakthrough curves and was found to be 5.5 × 10-6 cm2 s-1.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 641-656 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan has been prepared from prawn shell and crab shell chitin. The molecular weight of the material derived from prawn shells is higher than that obtained from crab shell. The molecular weight, tensile strength, elongation at the break, and hydrophilic properties of chitosan are extremely dependent on the degree of deacetylation achieved when chitin is hydrolyzed to chitosan. Graft copolymers have been prepared with chitosan and a series of vinyl monomers using both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction conditions. The hydrophilic properties of chitosan can be modified by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Treatment of peptides containing methionine and/or tryptophan with dimethylsulfoxide/hydrochloric acid/acetic acid resulted in oxidation of these amino acids respectively to methionine sulfoxide and oxyindolalanine. This reaction was monitored by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry using a dithiothreitol/dithioerythritol liquid matrix. Under these conditions, only methionine and tryptophan were oxidized. Comparison of mass spectra of a sample before and after oxidation should provide a rapid screening procedure for determination of these residues in peptides.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 18 (1989), S. 258-264 
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Platelet activating factor (PAF) bioactivity has been demonstrated in saliva from normal volunteers. We sought structural confirmation and evidence of heterogeneity in the 1-O-alkyl chain of the acetyl glyceryl ether phosphoryl choline (AGEPC) extracted from saliva by employing stable isotope dilution techniques in conjunction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The method described involves removal of the polar phosphocholine moiety, accounts for acetyl group migration, and allows for acylation of the resultant free hydroxyl with pentafluorobenzoyl chloride. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) purification is undertaken after phospholipase C cleavage and again after pentafluorobenzoyl chloride derivatization. The majority of the ion current is represented in the molecular anion, allowing measurement of 50 pg in biological fluid with a signal-to-noise ratio of ≥9. In one subject with markedly increased salivary PAF levels, we found evidence for molecular heterogeneity of AGEPC with production of not only C16:0 but also C18:0 and C18:1 in the alkyl chain. This technique, by using TLC in lieu of high-performance liquid chromatography, avoids potentially confounding trace contamination effects, produces spectra with few interfering signals and increases sample throughput.
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