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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using vapor pressure information in a cubic equation of state (1987)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatography and gateway sensors for on-line state estimation of complex fermentations (butanol-acetone fermentation) (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 1246-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fermentation system has been designed to demonstrate the use of gas chromatography (GC) for on-line monitoring of the butanol-acetone and other complex saccharolytic fermentations. Tangential flow ultrafiltration was used to sterilely and continuously obtain a cell-free filtrate from the fermentation broth for on-line GC analysis of butanol, butyrate, acetate, acetone, ethanol, and acetoin. The liquid injection system consists of a phosphoric acid contactor, a slider-type injection valve, and a heater to address the difficulties (ghosting) encountered in the analysis of carboxylic acids. The fermentation headspace gas was also analyzed by on-line GC for nitrogen and carbon dioxide, while hydrogen was measured by difference. Raw chromatographic data were analyzed by a chromatography data system. Both raw and processed data were transmitted to a VAX 11/750 computer for further processing (using the fermentation equation) and archiving. The fermentation equation, which has recently been derived and tested on completed fermentation data, was also found to be valid during transient fermentations and thus useful as a gateway sensor for calculating various fermentation parameters on-line. Such parameters include glucose concentration and gas composition, as well as a number of unobservable parameters (such as YATP, excess ATP, and NAD reduced by FdH2), which characterize the state of the fermentation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High performance alloys for solving severe corrosion problems in flue gas desulfurization systemsLecture held at the ACHEMA '88, Frankfurt, June 5 to 11. (1989)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 409-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einsatz von Hochleistungswerkstoffen bei extremen Korrosionsbedingungen in RauchgasentschwefelungsanlagenNickellegierungen werden kostengünstig dann eingesetzt, wenn in den Abgasreinigungsanlagen von mit Kohle gefeuerten Kraftwerken extreme Korrosionsbedingungen vorliegen. Die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile werden aufgezeigt und praktische Anworten auf Korrosionsprobleme gegeben. Hierbei wird besonderer Nachdruck auf die metallische Auskleidung von Behältern nach dem sogenannten “Wallpaper-Konzept” gelegt. Der Aufsatz zählt eine große Anzahl von Fällen auf, in denen sich HASTELLOY-Legierungen beim Einsatz in Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen erfolgreich bewährt haben. Weiterhin werden weiterentwickelte Nickellegierungen im Hinblick auf ihre Anwendung für Komponenten solcher Anlagen besprochen.Innerhalb der Gruppe der Ni-Cr-Mo-W-Legierungen zeigt die Legierung C-22™ die beste Beständigkeit gegen Loch- und Spaltkorrosion in halogenhaltigen Medien (chlorid-/fluoridhaltige Lösungen).H-9M™ ist die derzeit neueste Legierung in der Reihe der Ni-Cr-Mo-Fe-Legierungen. Ihre Loch- und Spaltkorrosionsbeständigkeit ist eindeutig der von Werkstoff 625 überlegen. H-9M ist in einer Reihe von Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen im Vergleich mit anderen Werkstoffen geprüft worden und befindet sich derzeit in der Form von Anlagenbauteilen im praktischen Einsatz. Die eisenhaltige Legierung bietet darüber hinaus durch ihren günstigen Preis einen besonderen Anreiz.
    Notes: Nickel-base alloys have been used as cost-effective measures in a variety of severely corrosive situations in pollution control units for coal-fired power plants. Cost-effectiveness and practical answers to corrosion problems are illustrated (specifically the “wallpaper concept”/metallic lining technique). Numerous cases of successful use of HASTELLOY® alloys in Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system are listed. New developments in nickel-base alloys and their use in FGD components are discussed.In the Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy family, C-22™ alloy has the best resistance to localized corrosion in halide environments (chlorides/fluorides-containing solutions).The H-9M™ alloy is the latest development in the Ni-Cr-Mo-Fe alloy family. This alloy has shown superior performance in its resistance to localized corrosion, compared to alloy 625. H-9M alloy has been tested in several FGD systems and placed in field service. This iron-containing alloy is an attractive candidate due to its moderate cost.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19890400702
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vivid model of chiral recognition (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 1 (1989), S. 167-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantioselectivity ; three-point model ; chiral receptors ; chiral separations ; didactic model ; elusion of the three-point model ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hands can be used to demonstrate the three-point model of chiral recognition. The points of attachment are thumb, forefinger, and middle finger. This vivid model has the advantages of simplicity, perspicuity, and availability at any time, although two persons are necessary. It can be shown that two interactions are not sufficient for chiral recognition but that three attractive or two attractive and one repulsive attraction are needed. It can also be used to explain some possibilities of weakening or elusion of the three-point model.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530010211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur statistik des einbaus einer als regler in polyamid 12 verwendeten aliphatischen dicarbonsäureHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. H. Hellmann zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet. (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 169 (1989), S. 193-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: As hard blocks in polyether block amides, polyamides are used whose length is intensively regulated by dicarboxylic acids. Since, with regard to melting and crystallization behaviour, this acid constitutes an interfering structural unit in the chain, and in the case of a completely converted product each chain contains one acid molecule, it is essential to know where in the chain incorporation will occur. As opposed to monofunctional chain regulators which always form a chain end, a bifunctional chain regulator can a priori also be randomly incorporated into the inner part of the chain. This leads to a far greater interference than occurs if the chain regulator molecule and the chain end, which acts as an interfering unit in any case, coincide with each other.By means of adipic acid-regulated oligoamides based on lauryl lactam, the incorporation of the chain regulator was examined by NMR spectroscopy and compared with model calculations. This resulted in a close match only if it was presupposed that the incorporation was carried out randomly with the same degree of probability at any point whatsoever between two lauryl lactam structural units or at the chain end.Further calculations illustrate the effects of the incorporation of the chain regulator on the size of the amorphous portion.
    Notes: Als Hartblöcke in Polyetherblockamiden werden durch Dicarbonsäuren stark geregelte Polyamide eingesetzt. Da die Säure in Hinblick auf das Schmelz- und Kristallisationsverhalten einen Störbaustein in der Kette darstellt und bei einem ausgeregelten Produkt jede Kette ein Säuremolekül enthält, ist es von Bedeutung zu wissen, wo in der Kette der Einbau erfolgt. Anders als bei monofunktionellen Reglern, wo der Regler stets ein Kettenende bildet, kann ein bifunktioneller Regler a priori auch statistisch im Inneren der Kette eingebaut werden. Dies führt zu einer viel stärkeren Störung, als wenn das Reglermolekül und das sowieso als Störstelle wirkende Kettenende zusammenfallen. Anhand adipinsäuregeregelter Oligoamide auf Basis von Laurinlactam wird kernresonanzspektroskopisch der Einbau des Reglers untersucht und mit Rechnungen verglichen. Es ergibt sich nur dann gute Übereinstimmung, wenn vorausgesetzt wird, daß der Einbau statistisch erfolgt und dabei mit gleicher Wahrscheinlichkeit für jede beliebige Stelle zwischen zwei Laurinlactambausteinen oder am Kettenende abläuft. Weitere Rechnungen verdeutlichen den Einfluß des Reglereinbaus auf die Größe des amorphen Anteils.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051690118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titan- und Vanadiumchlorid-Komplexe mit Diazadiboretidin- und 1,2-Azaborolinyl-Liganden (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 2418-2428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Titanium and Vanadium Chloride Complexes with Diazadiboretidine and 1,2-Azaborolinyl Ligands1,3-Di-tert-butyl-2,4-dipropyl-1,3,2,4-diazadiboretidine (2) and TiCl4 form a 1 : 1 adduct (3). 2-Methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-azaborolinyllithium reacts with TiCl4 and VCl3 to give the sandwich complexes bis[2-methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-η5-1,2-azaborolinyl]titanium dichloride (5) and -vanadium chloride (6). The X-ray analyses of 3,5 and 6 show that the boron atoms interact with the chlorine ligands of the metals. The reason for this is to be seen in the lack of substantial metal boron backbindings by the electron-poor metals. The B-Cl interactions can also be indicated 11B NMR spectroscopically.
    Notes: 1,3-Di-tert-butyl-2,4-dipropyl-1,3,2,4-diazadiboretidin (2) und TiCl4 bilden ein 1 : 1 Addukt (3). 2-Methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-azaborolinyllithium reagiert mit TiCl4 und VCl3 zu den Sandwichkomplexen Bis[2-methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-η5-1,2-azaborolinyl]titandichlorid (5) und -vanadiumchlorid (6). Die Röntgenstrukturanalysen von 3, 5 und 6 zeigen, daß die Boratome mit den Chlorliganden der Metalle in Wechselwirkung treten. Der Grund hierfür ist in dem Fehlen merklicher Metall-Bor-Rückbindung durch die elektronenarmen Metalle zu sehen. Die B-Cl-Wechselwirkungen können auch 11B-NMR-spektroskopisch nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19851180621
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic configuration of cellulose (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 583-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Various problems related to the determination with x-rays of the atomic configuration of organic fibers are discussed. Because of the approximate nature of the underlying theory, too far-reaching conclusions should be avoided, especially since, in the case of organic fibers, the situation is much less simple than in the case of sodium chloride powder or metallic wires, for example. Because of these facts, and because of the relative poorness of fiber patterns, the atomic coordinates as well as the space group of the structure can be found only within certain limits. Though the use of macroscopic models is very helpful in visualizing the spatial arrangement, no conclusions of a quantitative nature can be reached with their aid because the assumptions embodied in these models are too numerous and too inexact to justify speculations on details of the structure. In the case of cellulose fibers, it is shown that the problem cannot yet be solved completely; the outlook for a really unique solution is not hopeful. The structure proposed by Meyer and Misch is still the best approximation available. More recent propositions are shown to be less well founded; the atomic configuration introduced by Peirce, being at variance with chemical, crystallographic and x-ray evidence, is to be discarded.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020603
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular processes during deformation of rubberlike elastic bodies (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revised Structure of the Fungal Germination Self-Inhibitor Gloeosporone (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 70 (1987), S. 281-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gloeosporone, the germination self-inhibitor from the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. jussiaea, is shown by spectroscopic data and X-ray analysis to have the constitution and relative configuration as shown in Formula 2 (either (1S,6R,12R)-1-hydroxy-6-pentyl-5,15-dioxabicyclo[10.2.1]pentadecan-4,13-dione or its enantiomer), rather than the previously assigned constitution 1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19870700203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Di- und Polyaminozucker, XXXI. Zur Substitution von 2-Amino-2-desoxy-β-D-glucopyranosiden in der 3-Stellung (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1985 (1985), S. 477-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Di- and Polyamino Sugars, XXXI. - Substitution Reactions of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosides at Position 3Neighboring-group participations obstruct nucleophilic substitutions of N-protected 2-amino-2-deoxy-3-O-mesyl-β-D-glucopyranosides with azide ions. From the N-dinitrophenyl derivative 8 besides the allopyranoside 10 the isomeric products 9 and 11 are formed, the latter via the aziridine 15. The N-acyl derivatives 3 and 13 yield the allopyranosides 5 and 19 as well as the oxazoline 4. Structure proofs were given by spectroscopy and by independent syntheses.
    Notes: Nachbargruppenreaktionen stören die nucleophile Substitution von N-geschützten 2-Amino-2-desoxy-3-O-mesyl-β-D-glucopyranosiden mit Azid-Ionen. Das Dinitrophenyl-Derivat 8 liefert neben dem Allopyranosid 10 die isomeren Produkte 9 und 11 über das Aziridin 15. Die N-Acylderivate 3 und 13 liefern die Allopyranoside 5 und 19 sowie das Oxazolin 4. Die Konstitutionsbeweise wurden sowohl anhand der Spektren als auch durch unabhängige Synthesen geführt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198519850307
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