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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 43 (1975), S. 259-278 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phosphate fertilizer incorporated in the soil placed around tea plants when planted in the field produced a large improvement in the rate of growth of the plants, thus indicating that tea in acid soils had a demand for phosphate. Yield responses to phosphate fertilizer applied to mature tea were uncommon and the pattern of these confused. This work showed that mature tea will absorb phosphate and give positive yield responses when there is an undisturbed mulch layer on the soil surface. Within this layer phosphate is maintained in a more available form and many highly active roots are formed. These conditions are destroyed by manual weeding; the mulch forms naturally from tea leaves and prunings where no-cultivation herbicidal weed control is practised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 43 (1975), S. 259-278 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Phosphate fertilizer incorporated in the soil placed around tea plants when planted in the field produced a large improvement in the rate of growth of the plants, thus indicating that tea in acid soils had a demand for phosphate. Yield responses to phosphate fertilizer applied to mature tea were uncommon and the pattern of these confused. This work showed that mature tea will absorb phosphate and give positive yield responses when there is an undisturbed mulch layer on the soil surface. Within this layer phosphate is maintained in a more available form and many highly active roots are formed. These conditions are destroyed by manual weeding; the mulch forms naturally from tea leaves and prunings where no-cultivation herbicidal weed control is practised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 4 (1995), S. 595-607 
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: captive breeding ; in situ conservation ; ex situ conservation ; zoos ; protected areas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Growing deterministic and stochastic threats to many wild populations of large vertebrates have focused attention on the conservation significance of captive breeding and subsequent reintroduction. However, work on both gorillas and black rhinos questions this shift in emphasis. In these species, field-based conservation can be effective if properly supported and, although this is not cheap, per capita costs may still be considerably lower than for ex situ propagation in captivity. Here we attempt to broaden the scope of this debate by contrasting the breeding success and costs of in situ and captive programmes for a range of threatened mammals. Data are scarce, but we find that across nine large-bodied genera, in situ conservation achieves comparable rates of population growth to those seen in established captive breeding programmes. Moreover, comparing budgets of well-protected reserves with zoos' own estimates of maintenance costs and the costs of zoo adoption schemes, we find that per capita costs for effective in situ conservation are consistently lower than those of maintenance in captivity. Captive breeding may be more cost-effective for smaller-bodied taxa, and will often remain desirable for large mammals restricted to one or two vulnerable wild populations. However, our results, coupled with the fact that effective in situ conservation protects intact ecosystems rather than single species, lead us to suggest that zoos might maximize their contribution to large mammal conservation by investing where possible in well-managed field-based initiatives, rather than establishing additional ex situ breeding programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1995-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0960-3115
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9710
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1975-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Flow conditions corresponding to those of three previously conducted hypersonic axisymmetric flow experiments are presently treated by numerical solutions of the axisymmetric, thin layer Navier-Stokes equations with the Chemistry and Gasdynamic Implicit computer code's Version 2. While simulation and experimental results agree for ideal gas flows, the simulation for the case of a real gas flow reveals that the particular coupling of the gasdynamics and the chemistry used in the code degrades the convergence level obtainable, by comparison with ideal gas cases. The computed stagnation point heating is 60 percent lower than for the experiment.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-1285
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is pointed out that further exploration of Titan, Saturn's largest moon, is of current interest to the scientific community, particularly from the standpoint of the organic chemical evolution of its atmosphere. For a suitable study of this Saturnian satellite, a mission involving a Titan atmospheric entry probe is to be conducted. The probe is to employ a deployable decelerator with the aim to allow scientific measurements in the haze layer. The present investigation is concerned with an assessment of the aerothermodynamic environment for the considered probe during its hypervelocity, low-Reynolds-number entry. Attention is given to the employed computational method, the Titan probe configuration, the Titan probe trajectory, the viscous-layer regime of the aerothermodynamic environment, and the incipient merged-layer regime.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 85-1063
    Format: text
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Equilibrium, radiating viscous-shock-layer solutions are obtained for a number of trajectory points of the Fire II, Apollo 4, and PAET experimental flight vehicles. Convective heating rates calculated by a benchmark code agree well, except at high altitudes corresponding to low densities, with two engineering correlations. Calculated radiation intensities are compared with the flight radiometer data and with inviscid flow results. Differences as great as 70 percent are observed between measured data and the viscous calculations. Viscous effects reduce the intensity toward the wall, because of boundary-layer absorption, by as much as 30 percent, compared with inviscid intensities. Preliminary chemical and thermal nonequilibrium flow calculations along a stagnation streamline for a PAET trajectory predict enhancement of radiation owing to chemical relaxation. Stagnation point solutions are also presented for future air-assisted orbital transfer vehicle geometries with nose radii ranging from 0.3 to 15 m.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 85-1064
    Format: text
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Conservative Supra Characteristic Method (CSCM), an implicit upwind Navier-Stokes algorithm, is extended to the numerical simulation of flows in chemical equilibrium. The resulting computer code known as Chemistry and Gasdynamics Implicit - Version 2 (CAG12) is described. First-order accurate results are presented for inviscid and viscous Mach 20 flows of air past a hemisphere-cylinder. The solution procedure captures the bow shock in a chemically reacting gas, a technique that is needed for simulating high altitude, rarefied flows. In an initial effort to validate the code, the inviscid results are compared with published gasdynamic and chemistry solutions and satisfactorily agreement is obtained.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 85-0927
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Utilizing a series of existing computer codes, ablation experiments in the Giant Planet Facility are numerically simulated. Of primary importance is the simulation of the low Mach number shock layer that envelops the test model. The RASLE shock-layer code, used in the Jupiter entry probe heat-shield design, is adapted to the experimental conditions. RASLE predictions for radiative and convective heat fluxes are in good agreement with calorimeter measurements. In simulating carbonaceous ablation experiments, the RASLE code is coupled directly with the CMA material response code. For the graphite models, predicted and measured recessions agree very well. Predicted recession for the carbon phenolic models is 50% higher than that measured. This is the first time codes used for the Jupiter probe design have been compared with experiments.
    Keywords: GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 79-1102 , American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Thermophysics Conference; Jun 04, 1979 - Jun 06, 1979; Orlando, FL
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