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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (1,408)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (1,399)
  • 1985-1989  (1,333)
  • 1980-1984  (1,326)
  • 1970-1974  (148)
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Years
Year
  • 1
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    Photometry from Voyager 2 - Initial results from the Uranian atmosphere, satellites, and rings (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The results of Voyager 2 photopolarimetry (PPS) surveys of Uranus, the ring system, occultation experiments and observations of the Uranian moons are reported. Dual-channel photometry and polarimetry data obtained of the atmosphere at various emission and phase angles are delineated and compared with characteristics of the Saturn and Jupiter atmospheres. The results of temperature, UV absorption and density profile calculations are also discussed. Extensive ring dimensional data, based on two occultation experiments, are provided in tabular form noting that the rings contain no dust. Finally, the geometric albedos of the five major moons and the phase curve of the moon Titania are presented. The latter data indicate that Titanian surface features are not the result of recent events such as volcanism or ice slurry outflows.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 233; 65-70
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Disappearing ionospheres on the nightside of Venus (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Instruments on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter have detected a substantial ionosphere on the nightside of Venus during most orbits. However, during some orbits the nightside ionosphere seems to have almost disappeared, existing only as irregular patches of low-density plasma. The solar wind dynamic pressure on these occasions is greater than average. Data from several instruments (Langmuir probe, ion mass spectrometer, retarding potential analyzer, magnetometer, and plasma analyzer) have been correlated for a number of orbits during which the nightside ionosphere had disappeared. The magnetic field tends to be coherent, horizontal, and larger than usual, and the electron and ion temperatures are much larger than they usually are on the nightside. Mechanisms are suggested which might explain the reasons for the disappearance of the ionosphere when the solar wind dynamic pressure is large.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 3
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    Temperature emission spectrum of exoelectrons of lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Thermostimulated exoelectronic emission of eight fragments of regolith returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station was studied. The nature of the exoemission glove-curves was determined by particle type. Fragments of breccia, sinter, slag, anorthosite, glass plate, and leucocratic gabbro after the first heating disclosed a single exoemission maximum, whose temperature position is in the range 115 to 200 C. The data obtained indicate the complex and inhomogeneous energy structure of some regolith fragments. The presence of surface states capable of forming sorptive bonds can be assumed for most particles. The exoemission of anorthosite, olivine, and the glass spherule is due to the presence of formation defects at their surfaces.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 528-537
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  • 4
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    Exoelectronic emission of particles of lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A secondary electron multiplier was used to study the thermostimulated exoelectronic emission of particles of lunar surface material returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station. The natural exoemission from fragments of slag, glass, anorthosite, and a metallic particle was recorded in the isochronic and isothermal thermostimulation regimes. The temperature of emission onset depended on the type of regolith fragment. For the first three particles the isothermal drop in emission is described by first-order kinetic equations. For the anorthosite fragment, exoemission at constant temperature is characterized by a symmetric curve with a maximum. These data indicate the presence of active surface defects, whose nature can be due to the prehistory of the particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 521-527
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  • 5
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    Some results of track method of investigating Luna 16 lunar material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Preliminary data from an investigation of tracks in olivine crystals, separated from the five zones of a lunar surface material core, are reported. The gradients of track densities, their lengths, and their angular distribution were measured with an optical microscope. Throughout the core depth (35 cm) crystals bearing traces of exposure to low energy solar cosmic rays were found, indicating the occurrence of mixing processes in the surficial layer of lunar surface material. The age of the occurrence of the samples investigated on the lunar surface, calculated from the track density, is in the interval 0.7 to 16 million years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 379-387
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  • 6
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    Planetary research at Lowell Observatory (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Narrowband CCD profiles of C2 and grains in several comets (including P/Halley and P/Giacobini-Zinner) were performed. Rotational light curves were made of Comet P/Arend-Rigaux (visible and infrared) yielding the size, shape, albedo, and rotation period of the nucleus. Production rates were measured as a function of heliocentric distance for OH, CN, and C2 in P/Giacobini-Zinner and for OH, NH, CN, C3, and C2 in P/Halley. Detection and measurement was made of forbidden (O I) lines near 6300 and 5577 A in P/Halley, permitting the production rate of oxygen from CO to be distinguished from that from H2O. Identification of C-12C-13 lines in cometary spectra indicating a possible enrichment of C-13 over the telluric value was made. An assessment of techniques for detecting (determining the existence of) a trans-Neptunian comet belt is included.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 68-70
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  • 7
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    Occultation studies of the solar system (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Determination of the size, shape, mean density, and albedo of Ceres was made. Predictions for 133 occultations of bright stars occurring in 1986 and 1987 were completed and published, as have predictions of occultations of stars by Comet Halley. Twenty-nine mutual events involving Galilean satellites were observed at Flagstaff in 1985.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Washington Reports of Planetary Astronomy, 1985; p 108-109
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  • 8
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    Photometry and polarimetry of Saturn at 2640 and 7500 A (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyager 2 photometric and polarimetric data are reduced and tabulated, with spatially resolved limb-to-terminator scans across Saturn's equatorial zone providing information on the altitude distribution of UV-absorbing hazes, together with the phase function and polarizing properties of stratospheric and tropospheric aerosols. It is found that the UV photometry and polarimetry are best fit by Rayleigh's phase matrix. A stratospheric haze of small particles is allowed as long as the optical depth is near unity or less, and the center of the haze layer is in the 30 to 70 mbar region. The altitudes presently derived for three latitudes agree with those obtained by ground-based methane band studies and analyses from Pioneer 11. A high altitude absorber is abundant in the polar regions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8679-869
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  • 9
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    Photopolarimetry from Voyager 2 - Preliminary results on Saturn, Titan, and the rings (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Voyager 2 photopolarimeter was reprogrammed prior to the August 1981 Saturn encounter to perform orthogonal-polarization, two-color measurements on Saturn, Titan, and the rings. Saturn's atmosphere has ultraviolet limb brightening in the mid-latitudes and pronounced polar darkening north of 65 deg N. Titan's opaque atmosphere shows strong positive polarization at all phase angles (2.7 deg to 154 deg), and no single-size spherical particle model appears to fit the data. A single radial stellar occultation of the darkened, shadowed rings indicated a ring thickness of less than 200 meters at several locations and clear evidence for density waves caused by satellite resonances. Multiple, very narrow strands of material were found in the Encke division and within the brightest single strand of the F ring.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 215; Jan. 29
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  • 10
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    Emplacement of Long Lava Flows on Mauna Loa (hawaii) and Alba (mars) (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-08
    Description: Spacecraft images revealed that extremely long lava flows (more than 200 km long) exist on the surface of Mars and Io. Compared to terrestial volcanic eruptions, the occurrence of these long flows is very unusual, and may hint at a different style of either magma production or eruption. Attempts to model the emplacement of the long flows on other planets, using a Bingham rheological model, were only partially successful. The objective is to conduct field measurements on long lava flows in Hawaii (where individual flows such as those of 1859 and 1881 exceed 40 km in length) in order to document and interpret their flow characteristics. In this way, a better understanding of the formation of long lava flows is sought as well as a determination of whether the Mauna Loa flows are terrestrial analogs to the long flows seen on Mars and Io.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Repts. of Planetary Geol. and Geophys. Program; p 248-250
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