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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of instationary flow fields using crosscorrelation in image sequences (1996)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 20 (1996), S. 210-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the temporal behavior of dynamic flow processes, a movie version of particle image velocimetry (PIV) with a high framing capability has been developed. The experimental setup includes a copper vapor laser capable to produce pulse sequences with more than 100 pulses with a repetition rate of up to 30 kHz and a rotating drum camera to record the Mie scattering signals from the particles seeded to the flow. With this setup, image sequences with a number of consecutive images (40–70 depending on the image size) of a dynamic process can be taken on high resolution 36 mm film. To evaluate the 2-dimensional velocity vector fields, an algorithm based on the crosscorrelation of subareas in consecutive images has been developed and optimized in terms of computing time. The technique was applied to resolve the instationary flow field in a single cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine during the compression stroke.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190276
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The composition analysis of YBa2Cu3O7-δ or PrBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films and (YBa2Cu3O7-δ/PrBa2Cu3O7-δ)n heterostructures prepared by CVD (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 1061-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Some YBa2Cu3O7-δ films and heterostructures prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) were analyzed in our laboratories by EPMA-EDX or WDX, RBS, SNMS and AES. It was found that in some cases the results of composition analysis can significantly deviate from each other. At least two main reasons for these deviations exist: the different lateral resolution and the application of different reference samples for the calibration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements and calculations of CO2 room-temperature high-pressure spectra in the 4.3 μm region (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 2944-2950 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Measurements of the absorption by pure CO2 in the 4.3 μm region are presented. They refer to the temperature of 291 K and densities in the 1–80 amagat range. Calculations based on the addition of Lorentzian contributions strongly overestimate the absorption since they do not account for line overlapping. The energy corrected sudden approximation (ECSA) is used to model line mixing within the impact approximation. The scaling parameters of this model are deduced from line-broadening data. This calculation strongly underestimates the absorption in the spectral region near the edges of the vibrational band, whereas it overestimates the absorption in the far wings of the lines. This is attributed to the impact approximation which does not account for the frequency dependence of the relaxation operator. This dependence is roughly determined from our results; it is in good qualitative agreement with the few corresponding available results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455894
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional broadening of CO2 IR lines. II. Calculations (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 2999-3006 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ability of available theoretical models in describing broadening mechanisms is tested for the CO2–O2, CO2–CO2, and CO2–N2 systems. It is shown that the Anderson–Tsao–Curnutte theory is inaccurate since short-range forces can contribute significantly to broadening. We use the approach of Robert and Bonamy, but the usual expansion of the atom–atom potential to the fourth order around the intermolecular distance appears insufficient at short distances for these particular systems. We propose a better representation of the radial dependence of the atom–atom potential, while keeping the previous analytical expression of the cross section. Satisfactory results are obtained for both the rotational quantum number dependence of room-temperature CO2–O2, CO2–CO2, and CO2–N2 half-widths and the evolution of CO2–N2 broadening with temperature. It is shown that the isotropic part of the potential involved in the trajectory calculation must be coherently deduced from the atom–atom interaction potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453941
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Line broadening, line shifting, and line coupling effects on N2–H2O stimulated Raman spectra (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 5916-5925 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to understand the influence of H2O on the stimulated Raman Q-branch spectra of nitrogen in combusting media, an exhaustive theoretical and experimental study has been carried out. Starting from a semiclassical model, particularly convenient at high temperature, the Q-line broadening and shifting coefficients have been calculated over a wide temperature range and for a large number of lines. Stimulated Raman Spectra (SRS) measurements have allowed us to test these calculated line broadening coefficients and thus establish the high accuracy of semiclassical values. The theoretical broadening coefficients have been inverted to deduce state-to-state rotational relaxation rates by using two types of fitting laws. A partial test of the resulting Q-branch profiles has been realized at moderate pressures leading to a discrimination between these two laws. Furthermore, the effect of rotational energy transfers on collisionally narrowed profiles at higher densities has been simulated and compared with the pure N2 case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457461
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional broadening of rotation–vibration lines for asymmetric-top molecules. II. H2O diode laser measurements in the 400–900 K range; calculations in the 300–2000 K range (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 86 (1987), S. 144-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Numerous comparisons between predictions of the model presented in part I of this paper and experimental H2O infrared linewidths are presented. It is shown that our model, contrary to those used up to now, gives accurate results for H2O room-temperature line broadening by O2 and Ar, and for high rotational quantum-number lines by N2. First accurate experimental widths and intensities of some H2O ν2-band lines in the 400–900 K temperature range are also presented. Detailed analysis of the data demonstrates the great influence of a "resonance overtaking'' mechanism. The latter results from the modifications of both the perturber rovibrational population distribution and kinetic energy with temperature; it strongly enhances the contributions of the collision-induced rotational transitions involving significant energy jumps. This mechanism is well accounted for by our model and quantitatively explains the unusually slow decrease of some linewidths with temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.452605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collisional broadening of rotation–vibration lines for asymmetric-top molecules. III. Self-broadening case; application to H2O (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 2781-2789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A semiclassical theory of asymmetric-top molecule line broadening, developed in part I of this series of papers for linear perturbers, is extended to asymmetric-top perturbers. This model has been successfully applied in part II to the broadening of H2O lines by N2, O2, and Ar. The present applications to the self-broadening of H2O infrared and Raman lines in the 300–900 K range also show the quality of the model. Due to the high electrostatic forces involved in the H2O–H2O interaction, the short-range anisotropic potential has little influence. Nevertheless, the need for a modeling of the trajectory is demonstrated, mainly in the case of high rotational quantum number lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453065
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of Lipase Isoenzymes from a Technical Aspergillus niger Enzyme (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A qualitative screening revealed the occurrence of lipase, esterase, protease, amylase, endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, xylanase, pectinmethylesterase, polygalacturonase, catalase, β-D-glucosidase and β-D-galactosidase activities in the technical Aspergillus niger enzyme under study (Lipase 2212 D, Röhm). The isolation and purification of lipolytic activities were performed by combination of DEAE-Trisacryl M ion exchange chromatography, Sephadex G 50 gel filtration and hydrophobic chromatography using Phenylsepharose CL-4B. The individual purification steps were checked by specific enzyme visualization in ultrathin agar gels after ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing (UIEF). Two UIEF homogeneous lipase isoenzymes (I and II) were isolated and characterized by the following parameters: isoelectric points (I: 4.0; II. 3.5); molecular weights (I: 31000 daltons; II: 19000 daltons); carbohydrate contents (I: 6%; II: 9%) and compositions; pH optima (I, II: 5-6); substrate specificities and various effectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb10574.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple modeling of line-mixing effects in IR bands. I. Linear molecules: Application to CO2 (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 6467-6478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple approach is developed in order to model the influence of collisions on the shape of infrared absorption by linear molecules. It accounts for line-mixing effects within, as well as between, the different branches (P,Q,R) of the band. It is based on use of the strong collision model, of a classical representation of rotational levels, and of the rigid rotor approximation. The absorption coefficient then has a very simple analytical expression; its wave number and pressure dependencies are computed by using eight parameters which depend on the considered vibrational transition, the temperature, and the nature of the perturber only. These quantities are band-averaged values of the detailed spectroscopic and collisional parameters of the molecular system. Tests of the model are presented in the ν3 and 3ν3 bands of CO2 perturbed by He and Ar at elevated pressures. They demonstrate the accuracy of our approach in accounting for the effects of collisions on the spectral shape in a wide density range; indeed, the superposition of Lorentzian individual lines at low pressure, as well as the collapse (narrowing) of the band at very high pressure are satisfactory predicted. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470424
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detailed balance in far-wing line shape theories: Comparisons between different formalisms (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 3009-3010 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Comparisons are made between different methods of introducing the principle of detailed balance in far-wing line shape theories. In particular, it is shown that by symmetrizing the operators in the quasistatic formulation of Ma and Tipping [J. Chem. Phys. 95, 6290 (1991)], one can obtain the same results for the symmetrized matrix elements of the relaxation operator and their frequency detuning that were introduced in an ad hoc way in the resonant quasistatic formulations of Boulet and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 91, 2163 (1989); 94, 6406 (1991)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.468610
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